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World War I destroyed 20 million lives。 It laid a whole continent to waste。 There was blood and carnage amidst the beauty of the Italian Alps； where the armies of Austria and Italy were fighting。
第一次世界大战摧残了两千万个生命，将整个欧洲大陆变成一片废墟。意大利和奥地利军队在意大利的阿尔毕斯山激战，鲜血和屠杀遮蔽了阿尔毕斯山的美丽。
Friedrich von Hayek served in the Austrian artillery。 He was only 17 years old still a schoolboy。 The fighting was ferocious。 He experienced retreat and defeat。
哈耶克在奥地利炮兵部队中服役，当时他只有17岁－还是一个学生。战斗是残酷的；他经历了撤退和战败。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK： The decisive influence was really World War I。 It's bound to draw your attention to the problems of political anization。
哈耶克：第一次世界大战确实产生了决定性的影响，它必定将你的注意力吸引到政治组织的问题上来。
NARRATOR： He vowed to work for a better world。
旁白：他发誓要为建立一个更美好的世界而奋斗。
DANIEL YERGIN： The first world war was a cataclysm。 People were disillusioned。 People were bitter。 They were looking for something better。 Socialism； munism seemed to promise that better world。
丹尼尔。尤金： 第一次世界大战无异于一次大地震，它使人们幡然醒悟并痛苦万分。人们在寻找更好的制度，而社会主义和共产主义似乎为人们勾画了一个更美好的世界。
Onscreen title： St。 Petersburg； 1917
字幕标题：圣彼得堡，1917年
NARRATOR： By overthrowing the old order； the Russian Revolution aimed to deliver that better world。 Inspired by the economic theories of Karl Marx； the Bolsheviks sought to smash capitalism。 Lenin； the revolution's leader； urged the workers of the world to unite against the global economy。 The revolution made trade； merce； and private property criminal acts。 Lenin promised to end the economic exploitation of man by man。
旁白：俄国革命推翻了旧秩序，它的目标就是建立一个更美好的世界。在马克思经济理论的鼓舞下，布尔什维克寻求推翻资本主义。列宁－革命的领导者－极力主张全世界的工人团结起来反对全球经济。革命使得贸易、商业和私人财产都成为犯罪活动。列宁承诺要结束人对人的剥削。
Onscreen title： Cambridge University； 1918
字幕标题：剑桥大学，1918年
The man who was destined to be Hayek's great intellectual rival was a brilliant young academic at Cambridge University。 But John Maynard Keynes was much more than that。 He befriended writers and artists。 One painted these murals for him。 He was also a familiar figure in the City of London； where he made a fortune in the stock market； lost it all； and made it back again。
这个注定要成为哈耶克思想上的竞争对手的年轻人是剑桥大学一位有才气的学者，但是这远不是凯恩斯的全部。他与作家和艺术家交朋友，一个人还为他画了一些壁画。另外，他还是伦敦城的一个家喻户晓的人物，因为他在伦敦股票市场上赚了大钱，全输掉了，然后又赚了回来。
Familiar with politicians and prime ministers； Keynes spent the first world war advising the British government on how to anize its wartime economy。 At the end of the war； Keynes joined the British peace delegation at Versailles in France。 The victorious allies wanted defeated Germany to pay the costs of the war through what were called reparations。
因为凯恩斯与政治家们和首相们很熟悉，第一次世界大战期间他向英国政府就应如何组织战时经济提供顾问服务。战争结束时，凯恩斯作为英国和平代表团的成员前往法国凡尔赛。取得了胜利的盟国希望战败的德国支付赔款以赔偿战争损失。
ROBERT SKIDELSKY； Biographer of ： All the statesmen of Versailles could think about was how to squeeze money out of an already bankrupt Germany。
ROBERT SKIDELSKY； 凯恩斯的传记作者： 在凡尔赛的政治家们想的都是如何从已经一贫如洗的德国身上榨出钱来。
GEOFFREY HARCOURT； Professor of Economics； Cambridge University： Keynes felt the reparations were out of all proportion to what an economy could really take and would have very destructive social； political； and economic consequences。
GEOFFREY HARCOURT； 剑桥大学经济学教授：凯恩斯认为赔款完全超出了一个经济体所能承受的限度并将造成破坏性的社会、政治和经济后果。
NARRATOR： Angry and disgusted； Keynes resigned。 Back in England； he went to stay with his friend； the painter Duncan Grant。 That summer； Grant painted Keynes writing his prophetic book； The Economic Consequences of the Peace。
旁白：出于愤怒和厌恶，凯恩斯辞职了。回到英格兰后，他与他的朋友－画家Duncan Grant住在一起。那个夏天，Grant画下了正在写书的凯恩斯，那是一本预言式的书－《和平的经济后果》。
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES： If we take the view that Germany must be kept impoverished and her children starved and crippled； vengeance； I dare predict； will not limp。 Nothing can delay that final war that will destroy the civilization and progress of our generation。
凯恩斯：如果我们认为必须让德国非常贫困，让德国儿童挨饿、残废，那么我敢预言复仇将不会停止。没有什么能够延缓最终的大战，而这战争将摧毁人类文明和我们这一代的发展进程。
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Chapter 3： munism on the Heights ＇6：16＇
第三章：制高点上的共产主义
Onscreen title： Vienna； 1919
字幕标题：维也纳，1919年
NARRATOR： Austria had lost the war and its empire。 Vienna was a cold and hungry city。 Revolution was in the air。 Socialists and munists were winning the battle for hearts and minds。 Young and idealistic； Friedrich von Hayek enrolled at the University of Vienna。
旁白：奥匈帝国战败，帝国也解体了。维也纳是一个寒冷、饥饿的城市。革命很流行。社会主义者和共产主义者赢得了人心。年轻而又理想主义的哈耶克进入维也纳大学学习。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK： It was during the war that I more or less decided to do economics。 I really got hooked。
哈耶克：是在战争中，我决定从事经济学研究。我真的被它抓住了。
NARRATOR： Socialism seemed to promise a more just society。 Albert Zlabinger； a former pupil and disciple of Hayek：
旁白：社会主义似乎承诺了一个更公正的社会。Albert Zlabinger以前是哈耶克的学生和信徒。
ALBERT ZLABINGER； Economist and Pupil of Hayek： He openly said that he at one time was a socialist of the mild sort； where concerns for the poor and concerns for fairness and equity would help to determine government policy。
Albert Zlabinger，经济学家，哈耶克的学生：他公开说自己一度曾是温和的社会主义者，主张对穷人，公平和平等的关注将会帮助政府确定政策。
NARRATOR： Much of Vienna's intellectual life took place outside the university； in the coffeehouses across the Ringstrasse。 There were informal seminars for those who loved discussion and argument。 Hayek joined the circle of a passionate libertarian called Ludwig von Mises。 Von Mises believed markets； like people； needed to be free from government meddling。
旁白：维也纳的学术活动多数是在大学以外的Ringstrasse对面的咖啡馆进行的。热爱讨论和争论的人举办一些非正式的讨论会。哈耶克加入到一位充满热情的自由主义者的圈子当中，这个自由主义者就是Ludwig von Mises。Von Mises 认为市场就像人一样需要摆脱政府的干预。
ALBERT ZLABINGER： Ludwig von Mises was the preeminent economist of the Austrian school。 The distinguishing hallmark of the Austrian school of economic thought is that markets work and governments don't。
ALBERT ZLABINGER：Ludwig von Mises是奥地利学派一位杰出的经济学家。奥地利学派经济思想的显著特点就是他们认为市场起作用而政府不起作用。
NARRATOR： Von Mises predicted that the new Soviet socialist economy would never work； precisely because the government controlled wages and prices。
旁白：Von Mises预言正是由于政府控制工资和价格，所以新的苏联的社会主义经济永远不会成功。
DANIEL YERGIN： What von Mises said is that the great flaw of socialism is t