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？？？？Thirty spokes unite around the nave；
？？？？From their not…being （loss of their individuality）
？？？？Arises the utility of the wheel。
？？？？Mold clay into a vessel；
？？？？From its not…being （in the vessel's hollow）
？？？？Arises the utility of the vessel。
？？？？Cut out doors and windows in the house （…wall）；
？？？？From their not…being （empty space） arises the utility
？？？？of the house。
？？？？Therefore by the existence of things we profit。
？？？？And by the non…existence of things we are served。
十二章
五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聋；五味令人口爽；驰骋畋猎，令人心发狂；难得之货，令人行妨。是以圣人为腹不为目，故去彼取此。
The five colors blind the eyes of man；
The five musical notes deafen the ears of man；
The five flavors dull the taste of man；
Horse…racing； hunting and chasing madden the minds of man；
Rare； valuable goods keep their owners awake at night。
Therefore the Sage：
Provides for the belly and not the eye。
Hence； he rejects the one and accepts the other。
十三章
宠辱若惊，贵大患若身。何谓宠辱若惊？宠为下，得之若惊，失之若惊，是谓宠辱若惊。何谓贵大患若身？吾所以有大患者，为吾有身，及吾无身，吾有何患？故贵以身为天下，若可寄天下；爱以身为天下，若可托天下。
〃Favor and disgrace cause one dismay；
What we value and what we fear are within our Self。〃
What does this mean：
〃Favor and disgrace cause one dismay？〃
Those who receive a favor from above
Are dismayed when they receive it；
And dismayed when they lose it。
What does this mean：
〃What we value and what we fear are within our Self？〃
We have fears because we have a self。
When we do not regard that self as self；
What have we to fear？
Therefore he who values the world as his self
May then be entrusted with the government of the world；
And he who loves the world as his self …
The world may then be entrusted to his care。
十四章
视之不见，名曰微；听之不闻，名曰希；搏之不得，名曰夷。此三者，不可致诘，故混而为一。其上不皎，其下不昧，绳绳兮不可名，复归于物。是谓无状之状，无物之象，是谓惚恍。迎之不见其首，随之不见其后。执古之道，以御今之有。能知古始，是谓道纪。
Looked at； but cannot be seen …
That is called the Invisible （yi）。
Listened to； but cannot be heard …
That is called the Inaudible （hsi）。
Grasped at； but cannot be touched …
That is called the Intangible （wei）。
These three elude our inquiries
And hence blend and bee One。
Not by its rising； is there light；
Nor by its sinking； is there darkness。
Unceasing； continuous；
It cannot be defined；
And reverts again to the realm of nothingness。
That is why it is called the Form of the Formless；
The Image of Nothingness。
That is why it is called the Elusive：
Meet it and you do not see its face；
Follow it and you do not see its back。
十五章
古之善为道者，微妙玄通，深不可识。夫唯不可识，故强为之容：豫兮，若冬涉川；犹兮，若畏四邻；俨兮，其若客；涣兮，其若凌释；敦兮，其若朴；旷兮，其若谷；混兮，其若浊。孰能浊以止？静之徐清。孰能安以久？动之徐生。保此道者，不欲盈。夫唯不盈，故能蔽而新成。
The wise ones of old had subtle wisdom and depth of understanding；
So profound that they could not be understood。
And because they could not be understood；
Perforce must they be so described：
Cautious； like crossing a wintry stream；
Irresolute； like one fearing danger all around；
Grave； like one acting as guest；
Self…effacing； like ice beginning to melt；
Genuine； like a piece of undressed wood；
Open…minded； like a valley；
And mixing freely； like murky water。
Who can find repose in a muddy world？
By lying still； it bees clear。
Who can maintain his calm for long？
By activity； it es back to life。
He who embraces this Tao
Guards against being over…full。
Because he guards against being over…full；
He is beyond wearing out and renewal。
十六章
致虚极，守静笃。万物并作，吾以观复。夫物芸芸，各复归其根。归根曰静，静曰复命。复命曰常，知常曰明。不知常，妄作，凶。知常容，容乃公，公乃王，王乃天，天乃道，道乃久，殁身不殆。
Attain the utmost in Passivity；
Hold firm to the basis of Quietude。
The myriad things take shape and rise to activity；
But I watch them fall back to their repose。
Like vegetation that luxuriantly grows
But returns to the root （soil） from which it springs。
To return to the root is Repose；
It is called going back to one's Destiny。
Going back to one's Destiny is to find the Eternal Law。
To know the Eternal Law is Enlightenment。
And not to know the Eternal Law
Is to court disaster。
He who knows the Eternal Law is tolerant；
Being tolerant； he is impartial；
Being impartial； he is kingly；
Being kingly； he is in accord with Nature；
Being in accord with Nature； he is in accord with Tao；
Being in accord with Tao； he is eternal；
And his whole life is preserved from harm。 ？？
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？？？？Of the best rulers
？？？？The people （only） know that they exist；
？？？？The next best the love and praise；
？？？？The next they fear；
？？？？And the next they revile。
？？？？When they do not mand the people's faith；
？？？？Some will lose faith in them；
？？？？And then they resort to oaths！
？？？？But （of the best） when their task is acplished；
？？？？their work done；
？？？？The people all remark； 〃We have done it ourselves。〃
十八章
大道废，有仁义；智慧出，有大伪；六亲不和，有孝慈；国家昏乱，有忠臣。
On the decline of the great Tao；
The doctrine of 〃humanity〃 and 〃justice〃 arose。
When knowledge and cleverness appeared；
Great hypocrisy followed in its wake。
When the six relationships no longer lived at peace；
There was （praise of） 〃kind parents〃 and 〃filial sons。〃
When a country fell into chaos and misrule；
There was （praise of） 〃loyal ministers。〃
十九章
绝圣弃智，民利百倍；绝仁弃义，民复孝慈；绝巧弃利，盗贼无有。此三者以为文，不足。故令有所属：见素抱朴，少思寡欲，绝学无忧。
Banish wisdom； discard knowledge；
And the people shall profit a hundredfold；
Banish 〃humanity；〃 discard 〃justice；〃
And the people shall recover love of their kin；
Banish cunning； discard 〃utility；〃
And the thieves and brigands shall disappear。
As these three touch the externals and are inadequate；
The people have need of what they can depend upon：
Reveal thy simple self；
Embrace thy original nature；
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