°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
Уº³åÍ»µÄ¼ÛÖµ¡·£¨Metropolis£ºValues¡¡in¡¡Conflict£©£¬¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑDZ´¶ûÃÉÌØ£¬ÎÖ×ÈÎÖ˼³ö°æÉ磬1965£¬µÚ11¡«12Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÔÚÊÀ½çµÄ´ó²¿·ÖµØÇø£¬ÕâÖÖÔö³¤ÊÇÓÉÐÐÕþ·þÎñ¡¢Ã³Òס¢Ô²ÄÁϳö¿ÚµÈÒòËØÇý¶¯µÄ¡£¹¤ÒµÀ©Õ¹Êܵ½Ö³Ãñ´ó¹úµÄÖØÉÌÕþ²ß¡¢Ç··¢´ïµÄ½»Í¨ÏµÍ³ºÍÆäËû½ü´ú»ù´¡ÉèÊ©µÈÒòËصÄÏÞÖÆ¡£ÔÚÑÇÖ޺ͷÇÖÞ´ó½µÄ´ó²¿·ÖµØÇø£¬¹ýµÍµÄÀͶ¯Á¦³É±¾ºÍȱÉÙÒ»¸ö´óµÄÏû·Ñ»ù´¡·Á°ÁË»úÆ÷µÄʹÓã¬ËùÒÔ¶àÇãÏòÓڽϷÖÉ¢µÄÔʼÏç´å¹¤Òµ¡£ÔúÂí¶û¡¤¿âÂí£¨Dhamar¡¡Kumar£©£º¡¶½£ÇÅÓ¡¶È¾¼ÃÊ·£¬µÚ¶þ¾í£¬1757ÖÁ1970Äê¡·£¨The¡¡Cambridge¡¡Economic¡¡History¡¡of¡¡India£»volª±2£»1757¡1970£©£¬º£µÂÀ°Í£¬¶«·½ÀÊÂü³ö°æÉ磬µÚ568¡«569Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡½ÏÏÔÖøµÄ½ø²½·¢ÉúÔÚÆäËûµØÇø¡£µ½20ÊÀ¼ÍÔçÆÚ£¬Èý¸ö¹Ø¼ü¹ú¼ÒÈÕ±¾¡¢µÂ¹úºÍ¶íÂÞ˹¶¼×ÔÚ¼ÓµÓÐÅ·¢Õ¹µÄ¹¤Òµ´ó³ÇÊС£¶«¾©¡¢´óÚæ¡¢°ØÁÖºÍÊ¥±ËµÃ±¤¿ªÊ¼Ö±½ÓÓëŦԼ¡¢Âü³¹Ë¹ÌØÒÔ¼°Â׶ØÏྺÕù£¬²»½öÔÚµØÇø·¶Î§£¬ÓÐʱÉõÖÁÊÇÊÀ½ç·¶Î§¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÕýÈç°¬Â×ÔÚÈ¥Ãû¹ÅÎݵÄ·ÉÏËù¿´µ½µÄ£¬ÕâЩ³ÇÊж¼¾ßÓÐÓëÓ¢ÃÀ¶¼ÊÐͬÑùµÄÍⲿÌØÕ÷¡ª¡ªÔÓÂÒÎÞÕµÄÌú·¡¢ÑÌÎíÃÖÂþµÄ³§·¿¡¢Óµ¼·µÄ°ì¹«Â¥¡£µ«ÊÇËüÃÇÒÔÔ¶Ô¶²»Í¬ÓÚÓ¢¹ú»òÃÀ¹ú³ÇÊеķ½Ê½»ØÓ¦¹¤Òµ»¯£¬Ñ°Çó¹¹³ÉÏÖ´ú³ÇÊеÄÁíÒ»ÖÖµÀ·¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÕâÖÖ̽ÇóÁíÒ»ÖÖµÀ·µÄŬÁ¦À´×ÔÓÚÕâÑùÒ»¸öÊÂʵ£¬¼´£ºÔÚ¹¤Òµ»¯¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ó¢¹ú»òÃÀ¹ú¶¼¾ßÓÐÄܹ»ÊÊӦеijÇÊл·¾³³å»÷µÄÃñÖ÷´«Í³£¬¶øÕâÈý¸ö¹ú¼ÒûÓС£Õ⼸¸ö¹ú¼ÒÊÔͼÔÚ¼¸ºõÊÇÖÐÊÀ¼ÍÕþÖÎÌåÖÆÏÂѸËÙ½¨³É¹¤Òµ³ÇÊУ¬È±ÉÙ·¨Öλù´¡ºÍÉç»á̬¶ÈÈ¥Ó¦¶ÔÎ÷¸ñÃɵ¡¤¸¥ÂÞÒÁµÂÔÚÆäÃûÖø¡¶ÎÄÃ÷¼°Æäȱº¶¡·ÖÐËùÃèÊöµÄÔÚÒ»¸ö´óÐ͵ġ¢¼¸ºõÊÇ·ÇÈËÐÔ»¯µÄÏÖ´ú´ó¶¼ÊÐÊÀ½çµÄÉú»îÖеġ°ÎÄ»¯´ìÕÛ¡±¡£Î÷¸ñÃɵ¡¤¸¥ÂÞÒÁµÂ£¨Sigmund¡¡Freud£©£º¡¶ÎÄÃ÷¼°Æäȱº¶¡·£¨Civilization¡¡and¡¡Its¡¡Discontents£©£¬Õ²Ä·Ë¹¡¤Ë¹ÌØÀ×ÆæÒ룬ŦԼ£¬Wª±Wª±Åµ¶Ù³ö°æÉ磬1962£¬µÚ59Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÈÕ±¾Í»·¢ÐԵĹ¤Òµ¸ïÃü¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¸¥ÂÞÒÁµÂÊÇÔÚάҲÄÉÂäÈë¹ú¼ÒÉç»áµ³ÈËÊÖÀïµÄ4ÄêǰдÏÂÕâЩ»°µÄ¡£ËûÒ²ÍêÈ«Äܹ»ÔÚÈÕ±¾¿´µ½¡°ÎÄ»¯´ìÕÛ¡±Ö®ÀàµÄÏÖÏó¡£ÈÕ±¾Ïò¹¤ÒµÊ±´úµÄת±ä·Ç³£¼èÄÑ£¬ÒòΪÕâÖÖת±äÊDZ¬·¢ÐԵģ¬¶øÇÒ·¢Õ¹¼«ÆäѸËÙ¡£ÔÚ1686ÄêÍÆ·µÂ´¨Ä»¸®µÄͳÖκó£¬ÈÕ±¾È«ËÙ¿ªÊ¼ÏÖ´ú»¯½ø³Ì¡£Ã÷ÖÎάеÄÉè¼ÆʦÃÇÆȲ»¼°´ýµØÊÔͼ׷¸ÏÕ¼Ö§ÅäµØλµÄ¹¤Òµ´ó¹ú£¬ÓÅÏÈ¿¼ÂÇ»ù´¡ÉèʩͶÈëºÍÇ¿µ÷Î÷·½¿Æ¼¼µÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÔÚÃ÷ÖÎ֮ǰ£¬ÓÉÓڵ´¨Ä»¸®ÊµÐÐÏÞÖÆÓëÍâ¹úÈ˽Ӵ¥Õþ²ß£¬ÈÕ±¾µÄ³ÇÊз¢Õ¹ºÜÂý¡£¿¨¶û¡¤ÄªË¹¿Æ£¨Carl¡¡Mosk£©£º¡¶ÈÕ±¾¹¤ÒµÊ·¡·£¨Japanese¡¡Industrial¡¡History£©£¬Å¦Ô¼ÖÝ°¢ÃÉ¿Ë£¬Mª±Eª±ÏÄÆÕ³ö°æÉ磬2001£¬µÚ50Ò³¡£µ«Êǵ±1853ÄêÍþÁ®¡¤ÅåÀï×¼½«ÔÚ¶«¾©ÍåµÄÅÚ½¢´òÆÆÕâÖÖ¹ÂÁ¢×´Ì¬Ê±£¬ÈÕ±¾ÒѾ±ÈÅ·ÖÞÒÔÍâÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¶¼¸üºÃµØ×¼±¸Ó¦¶Ô¹¤ÒµÊ±´úµÄÌôÕ½£¬ÕâµÃÒæÓÚËüÓÐÒ»¸öÎÄ»¯²ã´Î½Ï¸ßµÄÈË¿Ú¡¢½ÏÍêÉƵÄÈ«¹úÊг¡¡¢ÄܸɵŤ½³ÒÕÈ˺ÍÇ¿ÁҵĴ´Òµ¾«Éñ¡£ÍÐÂí˹¡¤Oª±Íþ¶û½ðÉ£¨Thomas¡¡Oª±Wilkinson£©£º¡¶1868ÖÁ1955ÄêÈÕ±¾À͹¤µÄ³ÇÊл¯¡·£¨The¡¡Urbanization¡¡of¡¡Japanese¡¡Labor£º1868¡1955£©£¬°¢Ä¬Ë¹ÌØ£¬ÂíÈøÖîÈû´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1965£¬µÚ22¡«23Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÈçÔÚÓ¢¹úºÍÃÀ¹úÒ»Ñù£¬ÖÆÔìÒµ¾¼ÃµÄÐËÆðÒ²°éËæ³ÇÊÐÈË¿ÚѸËÙµÄÔö³¤¡£ÔÚÃ÷ÖÎάк󲻵½°ë¸öÊÀ¼ÍµÄʱ¼äÀÈÕ±¾³ÇÊÐÈ˿ھͷÁËÒ»·¬¡£µ½20ÊÀ¼Í20Äê´ú£¬Ã¿4¸öÈÕ±¾¾ÓÃñ¾ÍÓÐ1¸ö¾ÓסÔÚ³ÇÊС£´óÚæ³öÏÖÁËÎ廨°ËÃŵÄСÐ͹¤³§£¬ÏíÓС°¶«·½Âü³¹Ë¹ÌØ¡±Ö®ÃÀÓþ£¬ÆäÈË¿Ú´Ó1875Äêµ½20ÊÀ¼Í20Äê´úÔö³¤ÁË5±¶¡£Ãû¹ÅÎÝÒ²´ÓÒ»¸ö¹ÅÀϵijDZ¤Ê½Ð¡Õò±ä³ÉÖ÷Òª¹¤ÒµÖÐÐÄ£¬ºóÀ´³ÉΪÊÀ½ç×î¾ßÖ§ÅäÐԵĴóÐ͹¤Òµ¾ÞÍ··áÌïÆû³µ¹«Ë¾¾Í×ùÂäÔڸóǡ£¸÷µØ·½ÐÔ¹¤³§³ÇÈ縣¸Ô¡¢´¨Æé¡¢¾ÅÖݵººÍÔý»ÏÔö³¤¸ü¿ì¡£ÄªË¹¿Æ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ55¡¢201¡¢202Ò³£»Àí²éµÂ¡¤²Ì¶ûµÂ¡¤Ï£¶û¡¢ÌÙÌïѵ×Ó£¨Richard¡¡Child¡¡Hill¡¡and¡¡Kuniko¡¡Fujita£©£º¡¶ÊÀ½ç¾¼ÃÖеÄÈÕ±¾³ÇÊС·£¨Japanese¡¡Cities¡¡in¡¡the¡¡World¡¡Economy£©£»Öдå°ËÀÉ£¨Hachiro¡¡Nakamura£©£º¡¶Õ½Ç°ÈÕ±¾µÄ³ÇÊз¢Õ¹¡·£¨Urban¡¡Growth¡¡in¡¡Prewar¡¡Japan£©£¬ÔØÓÚÌÙÌïѵ×Ó¡¢Àí²éµÂ¡¤²Ì¶ûµÂ¡¤Ï£¶û£¨Kuniko¡¡Fujita¡¡and¡¡Richard¡¡Child¡¡Hill£©Ö÷±à¡¶ÊÀ½ç¾¼ÃÖеÄÈÕ±¾³ÇÊС·£¨Japanese¡¡Cities¡¡in¡¡the¡¡World¡¡Economy£©£¬·Ñ³Ç£¬Ì¹ÆÕ¶û´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1993£¬µÚ5¡¢30Ò³£»¸ñÂס¤Tª±ÌØÀïÍßÈö£¨Glenn¡¡Tª±Trewartha£©£º¡¶ÈÕ±¾µØÀí¡·£¨Japan£ºA¡¡Geography£©£¬ÂóµÏÑ·£¬Íþ˹¿µÐdzö°æÉ磬1965£¬µÚ161Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¶«¾©³ÉΪÈÕ±¾ËùÓгÇÊеÄÁúÍ·¡£ÔÚÈ¡´ú¾©¶¼³ÉΪÍõÊÒËùÔڵغ󣬶«¾©»ñµÃÁ˳ÉΪȫ¹ú¾«ÉñºÍÊÀË׵Ķ¼³ÇµÄ¡°ºÏ·¨ÐÔ¡±¡£ÂíÀïÓÈ˹¡¤Bª±Õ²É£¨Marius¡¡Bª±Jansen£©£º¡¶½£ÇÅÈÕ±¾Ê·£¬µÚÎå¾í£º19ÊÀ¼Í¡·£¨The¡¡Cambridge¡¡History¡¡of¡¡Japan£»volª±5£ºThe¡¡Nineteenth¡¡Century£©£¬Ó¢¹ú½£ÇÅ£¬½£ÇÅ´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1988£¬µÚ731Ò³£»Öдå°ËÀÉ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ30Ò³¡£Ðí¶àÁìÏȵØλµÄÉ̽ç´óÅÆÆóÒµ·¢ÏÖ°ÑÆä×ܲ¿ÉèÔÚ¶«¾©ºÃ´¦¶à¶à£¬ËùÒÔËûÃǸüÆ«°®¶«¾©£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ´«Í³µÄÉÌÒµÖÐÐÄÈç´óÚæ»òÆäËûÐÂÐ˹¤Òµ³ÇÊС£ÄªË¹¿Æ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ174¡«175Ò³£»Íþ¶û½ðÉ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ45Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1923Äê¹Ø¶«´óµØÕ𣬶«¾©ËÀ10ÍòÓàÈË£¬Êý°ÙÍòÈËÎ޼ҿɹ飬ÔâÊÜÁË´Ý»ÙÐÔ´ò»÷¡£µ«¶«¾©ºÜ¿ì¸´ÐËÆðÀ´£¬±£³ÖÉõÖÁÇ¿»¯ÁËËüÔÚÈ«¹úµÄÖ§ÅäµØλ¡£µ½20ÊÀ¼Í30Äê´ú£¬¶«¾©ºÅ³ÆÓµÓÐÒ»¸öÐËÊ¢µÄÖÐÐÄÉÌÒµÇø£¬¸ßÂ¥ÁÖÁ¢£¬°Ù»õÉ̵êÔƼ¯£¬½»Í¨ÏµÍ³Í걸¡£°¬Â×£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ124¡«125Ò³¡£¶«¾©³ÉΪ×Ô¹¤Òµ»¯ÒÔÀ´ÑÇÖÞµÚÒ»¸öÄÜÓëŦԼ»òÂ׶ØÏàæÇÃÀµÄ³ÇÊУ¬ÉõÖÁÒ»¶ÈÏ볬¹ýËüÃÇ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°¸ÖÌú´óöù¡±¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¾¡¹ÜÓÐÕâЩ»Ô»ÍµÄ³É¾Í£¬µ«¹¤Òµ»¯ÔÚÉç»á¡¢µÀµÂºÍ»·¾³µÈ·½Ã涼Ôì³ÉÁËijÖÖÔÖÄÑÐÔºó¹û¡£Ò»¸ö×÷¼Ò×¢Òâµ½£¬ÉõÖÁÔÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍºóÆÚ£¬¡°»¹ÄÜ¿´µ½µ¤¶¥º×ÔÚ¶«¾©µÄÉÏ¿Õ°¿Ï衱£¬ºüÀêºÍâµÀදÎïÔÚ´óÁ¿·±ÑÜ£¬ÓçÌïºÓµÄºÓË®»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Æã²è¡£Î÷ɽËÉÖ®Öú£¨Nishiyama¡¡Matsunosuke£©£º¡¶½»§ÎÄ»¯£º1600ÖÁ1868ÄêÈÕ±¾³ÇÊÐÖеÄÈÕ³£Éú»îÓëÓéÀÖ¡·£¨Edo¡¡Culture£ºDaily¡¡Life¡¡and¡¡Diversions¡¡in¡¡Urban¡¡Japan£»1600¡1868£©£¬½ÜÀ¶ûµÂ¡¤¸ñÀÕĬ¶ûÒ룬»ðū³³£¬ÏÄÍþÒÄ´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1997£¬µÚ9Ò³¡£µ«µ½ÁË20ÊÀ¼Í20Äê´ú£¬ÈÕ±¾³ÇÊгöÏÖÁËÈÕÒæ¶ñ»¯µÄ»·¾³ÎÛȾ£¬µ½´¦Êdz󪲻¿°µÄ¾°Ïó£¬ËûÃÇ´«Í³×Ú½ÌÐÅÑöºÍ¹Å´úÎÄ»¯ËùÀµÒÔÒÀ´æµÄÃÀÂÖÃÀÛ¼µÄ×ÔÈ»»·¾³ÔâÊÜÁËÃð¶¥Ö®ÔÖ¡£¿¿Ô˺Ӵ®ÁªÆðÀ´µÄ´óÚæÔø±»³ÆΪ¡°Ë®³Ç¡±£¬ÏÖÔÚ³ÉÁË¡°Ñ̳ǡ±£¬ËüµÄÔ˺ӳôÆøѬÌ죬³ä³â×ÅÓж¾»¯Ñ§ÎĪ˹¿Æ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ217Ò³¡£
¹¤Òµ³ÇÊеÚÊ®ÈýÕ¡¡¹¤ÒµÖ÷Òå¼°Æä·´¶ÔÕߣ¨2£©
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ð¼¼Êõµ±È»Ò²´øÀ´ºÜ¶àÉñÆæµÄ±ä»¯¡£´ÓÇ°µÄÅ©·ò³ËÉÏÁËÓɵçÁ¦¹«Ë¾ÔËÓªµÄ»ð³µºÍÓйìµç³µ£¬µ½³ÇÀ﹤³§×ö¹¤¡£³öÉí±°Î¢µÄ¹¤½³»òÇîÀ§Áʵ¹µÄÎäÊ¿Ò²³¬Ô½Á˹ŴúÁ÷´«ÏÂÀ´µÄ½×¼¶ÕÏ°£¬³ÉΪÈÕ±¾ÐÂÐ˹¤Òµ¾¼ÃµÄÐÂÁìµ¼ÈËÎï¡£Ôø¾¶ÔѧÕߺÍÕþ¸®¹ÙÔ±ÃÇ·â±ÕµÄÐÅÏ¢ÏÖÔÚÒ²¿É¹ãΪÀûÓã¬Æä;¾¶ÊÇÆÕ¼°½ÌÓý£¬Êг¡»¯´óÅúÁ¿µÄÊ鿯±¨Ö½£¬»¹Óй㲥¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µ«ÊÇÈËÃÇ»¹ÊÇÆÕ±é¸Ð¾õµ½£¬´«Í³¹ÛÄîºÍ¸ßÉÐÉú»î·½Ê½ÏÖÔÚÊܵ½ÁË·ÇÈËÐÔ»¯ºÍΣÏÕµÄÍâÀ´Á¦Á¿µÄ³å»÷¡£19ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´ú·¢ÐеĵØͼÔø±êʾ·ç¾°ÃûʤºÍÀúÊ·¹Å¼££»ÐÂʱ´úµÄÌú·µØͼË÷ÐÔÞðÆúÕâЩÎÄ»¯ºÍÉóÃÀµÄÒòËØ£¬´¿´âÊǼÆÁ¿¾àÀë¶øÒÑ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡×÷¼ÒÏÄÄ¿Êþʯ1916ÄêʱÔøÔÚÆäÖøÊöÖÐÅê»÷Õâ¸ö¡°¸ÖÌú´óöù¡±Ö«½âÏç´å¡¢Íþв¸öÐԵĴæÔڵġ°±©Á¦·½Ê½¡±¡£±È°¢ÌØÀö¿Ë˹¡¤Mª±²¨´ïÌØ¡±´Àû£¨Beatrice¡¡Mª±Bodartª²Bailey£©£º¡¶³ÇÊл¯ºÍµÂ´¨°ÔȨµÄÌØÐÔ¡·£¨Urbanisation¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Nature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Tokugawa¡¡Hegemony£©£¬Ñ¡×Ô¡¶ÀúÊ·ÊÓ½ÇÖеÄÈÕ±¾Ê׶¼¡·£¬µÚ175¡¢199Ò³¡£Õâ¸ö¡°¸ÖÌú´óöù¡±ËƺõÒªÓÃÑ̳¾±ÎÈյŤ³§ºÍ»Ò°µµÄË®ÄཨÖþÈ¡´ú´«Í³ÈÕ±¾³ÇÊÐÉú»îÖл¶¿ì¶ø·á¸»¶à²ÊµÄ¹Å´úÖÐÐÄÐÔ±êÖ¾£¬Èç³Çǽ¡¢ÃíÓîºÍ´óÐÍÖÐÐÄÊг¡¡£Íþ¶û½ðÉ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ77¡«78Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÖØËÜÈÕ±¾³ÇÊС¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡20ÊÀ¼Í20Äê´úÄ©30Äê´ú³õ£¬ÏÕ¾þµÄ¾¼ÃÐÎÊƵ¼ÖºܶàÈÕ±¾ÈËÖÊÒÉÎ÷·½Ä£Ê½µÄºÏÀíÐÔ¡£ÈÕ±¾Áìµ¼ÈËÒ²Ô½À´Ô½Ë¼¿¼ÈçºÎʹÆä¸ü¼Ó³ÇÊл¯µÄÉç»áÐèÇóÓë¸ùÉîµÙ¹ÌµÄ´«Í³Ö÷Òå¡¢ÍùÍùÊǹý·ÖµÄÅÅÍâÇé¸ÐÏàе÷¡£ÓÐЩÈÕ±¾È˲¢²»ÈÏ¿É»ò½ÓÊÜÕâÖÖ³åÍ»ÒÔ¼°ÓëÅ·ÃÀ¹¤Òµ³ÇÊÐÏà°éÉúµÄ·´³£×´Ì¬£¬¶øÊÇÑ°ÇóÓøüÏ°¹ßµÄÓÖÉÙÓÐÕùÒéµÄÀ©Õ¹¼ÒÍ¥ÍøÂçµÄ¶¨Òå¹¹½¨³ÇÊÐÉç»áµÄ·½Ê½£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇÉç»áѧ¼ÒÖ²½Ú×ÓËù˵µÄ¡°·¿ÎݵÄÀíÄî»òÒâʶ¡±¡£Íþ¶û½ðÉ£ºÇ°ÒýÊ飬µÚ122¡«123Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Î¬»¤¡°·¿ÎÝ¡±µÄµÈ¼¶½á¹¹»áÇ¿»¯¸¸Ä¸¡¢³§Ö÷¡¢¾üʺÍÕþÖÎÁìµ¼ÈË¡¢×îÖÕÊÇÌì»ÊµÄȨÍþ¡£ºÜ¶àÕþ¸®ºÍѧ½çÁìµ¼ÈËÎïÏÖÔÚ¶¼ÈÏΪÎ÷·½Ó¦¶Ô·´¶ÔÅɵÄÀíÄîºÍ½¥½øʽÃñÖ÷±ä¸ï²»ÊʺÏÈÕ±¾¡£Ïà·´£¬ÓýÌÓý²¿¾«ÉñÎÄ»¯Ñо¿ËùµÄ»°À´Ëµ£¬ËûÃÇÑ°ÇóijЩʹ¡°¹ú¼Ò¾¡Éƾ¡ÃÀ¡¢È«¹úÒ»ÐÄ¡±µÄ·½Ê½¡£Ô¼º²¡¤Wª±µÀ¶û£¨John¡¡Wª±Dower£©£º¡¶Õ½ÕùûÓÐÁ¯Ãõ£ºÌ«Æ½ÑóÕ½ÕùÖеÄÖÖ×åÓëȨÁ¦¡·£¨War¡¡Without¡¡Mercy£ºRace¡¡and¡¡Power¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Pacific¡¡War£©£¬Å¦Ô¼£¬ÍòÉñµî³ö°æÉ磬1986£¬µÚ31Ò³¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ÑÕâЩµÀÒåÉϵÄÒ»Ö¹᳹µ½Ò»¸öÈÕÒ渴ÔӵijÇÊл¯µÄÉç»á£¬ÐèÒª¸ß¶ÈµÄ×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíºÍ¼ÍÂÉÔ¼Êø¡£¹¤È˽׼¶×éÖ¯»ò¿ÉÒÔͬ»¯£¬»òÐèҪѹÖÆ¡£ÒÁ·òÁÖ¡¤Sª±¿Æ¶û²®ÌØ£¨Evelyn¡¡Sª±Colbert£©£º¡¶ÈÕ±¾ÕþÖεÄ×óÒí¡·£¨The¡¡Left¡¡Wing¡¡in¡¡Japanese¡¡politics£©£¬Å¦Ô¼£¬Ì«Æ½Ñó¹ØϵÑо¿Ëù£¬1952£¬µÚ33Ò³£»ÇÇÖΡ¤°Â¿ËÀû¡¤ÍжÙÈýÊÀ£¨George¡¡Oakley¡¡Totten¢ó£©£º¡¶Õ½Ç°ÈÕ±¾µÄÉç»áÃñÖ÷Ô˶¯¡·£¨The¡¡Social¡¡Democratic¡¡Movement¡¡in¡¡Prewar¡¡Japan£©£¬Å¦ºÚÎÄ£¬Ò®Â³´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1966£¬µÚ106¡«107¡¢259Ò³¡