the history-第155章

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a　sea…fight；　and　with　huge　pole…axes。　The　greater　part　of　them　wore　breastplates；　and　all　had　long　cutlasses。　　　　　（iii。）　The　Cyprians　furnished　a　hundred　and　fifty　ships；　and　were　equipped　in　the　following　fashion。　Their　kings　had　turbans　bound　about　their　heads；　while　the　people　wore　tunics；　in　other　respects　they　were　clad　like　the　Greeks。　They　are　of　various　races；　some　are　sprung　from　Athens　and　Salamis；　some　from　Arcadia；　some　from　Cythnus；　some　from　Phoenicia；　and　a　portion；　according　to　their　own　account；　from　Ethiopia。　　　　　（iv。）　The　Cilicians　furnished　a　hundred　ships。　The　crews　wore　upon　their　heads　the　helmet　of　their　country；　and　carried　instead　of　shields　light　targes　made　of　raw　hide；　they　were　clad　in　woollen　tunics；　and　were　each　armed　with　two　javelins；　and　a　sword　closely　resembling　the　cutlass　of　the　Egyptians。　This　people　bore　anciently　the　name　of　Hypachaeans；　but　took　their　present　title　from　Cilix；　the　son　of　Agenor；　a　Phoenician。　　　　　（v。）　The　Pamphylians　furnished　thirty　ships；　the　crews　of　which　were　armed　exactly　as　the　Greeks。　This　nation　is　descended　from　those　who　on　the　return　from　Troy　were　dispersed　with　Amphilochus　and　Calchas。　　　　　（vi。）　The　Lycians　furnished　fifty　ships。　Their　crews　wore　greaves　and　breastplates；　while　for　arms　they　had　bows　of　cornel　wood；　reed　arrows　without　feathers；　and　javelins。　Their　outer　garment　was　the　skin　of　a　goat；　which　hung　from　their　shoulders；　their　headdress　a　hat　encircled　with　plumes；　and　besides　their　other　weapons　they　carried　daggers　and　falchions。　This　people　came　from　Crete；　and　were　once　called　Termilae；　they　got　the　name　which　they　now　bear　from　Lycus；　the　son　of　Pandion；　an　Athenian。　　　　　（vii。）　The　Dorians　of　Asia　furnished　thirty　ships。　They　were　armed　in　the　Grecian　fashion；　inasmuch　as　their　forefathers　came　from　the　Peloponnese。　　　　　（viii。）　The　Carians　furnished　seventy　ships；　and　were　equipped　like　the　Greeks；　but　carried；　in　addition；　falchions　and　daggers。　What　name　the　Carians　bore　anciently　was　declared　in　the　first　part　of　this　History。　　　　　（ix。）　The　Ionians　furnished　a　hundred　ships；　and　were　armed　like　the　Greeks。　Now　these　Ionians；　during　the　time　that　they　dwelt　in　the　Peloponnese　and　inhabited　the　land　now　called　Achaea　（which　was　before　the　arrival　of　Danaus　and　Xuthus　in　the　Peloponnese）；　were　called；　according　to　the　Greek　account；　Aegialean　Pelasgi；　or　〃Pelasgi　of　the　Sea…shore〃；　but　afterwards；　from　Ion　the　son　of　Xuthus；　they　were　called　Ionians。　　　　　The　Islanders　furnished　seventeen　ships；　and　wore　arms　like　the　Greeks。　They　too　were　a　Pelasgian　race；　who　in　later　times　took　the；　name　of　Ionians　for　the　same　reason　me　reason　as　those　who　inhabited　the　twelve　cities　founded　from　Athens。　　　　　The　Aeolians　furnished　sixty　ships；　and　were　equipped　in　the　Grecian　fashion。　They　too　were　anciently　called　Pelasgians；　as　the　Greeks　declare。　　　　　The　Hellespontians　from　the　Pontus；　who　are　colonists　of　the　Ionians　and　Dorians；　furnished　a　hundred　ships；　the　crews　of　which　wore　the　Grecian　armour。　This　did　not　include　the　Abydenians；　who　stayed　in　their　own　country；　because　the　king　had　assigned　them　the　special　duty　of　guarding　the　bridges。　　　　　On　board　of　every　ship　was　a　band　of　soldiers；　Persians；　Medes；　or　Sacans。　The　Phoenician　ships　were　the　best　sailers　in　the　fleet；　and　the　Sidonian　the　best　among　the　Phoenicians。　The　contingent　of　each　nation；　whether　to　the　fleet　or　to　the　land　army；　had　at　its　head　a　native　leader；　but　the　names　of　these　leaders　I　shall　not　mention；　as　it　is　not　necessary　for　the　course　of　my　History。　For　the　leaders　of　some　nations　were　not　worthy　to　have　their　names　recorded；　and　besides；　there　were　in　each　nation　as　many　leaders　as　there　were　cities。　And　it　was　not　really　as　commanders　that　they　accompanied　the　army；　but　as　mere　slaves；　like　the　rest　of　the　host。　For　I　have　already　mentioned　the　Persian　generals　who　had　the　actual　command；　and　were　at　the　head　of　the　several　nations　which　composed　the　army。　　　　　The　fleet　was　commanded　by　the　following…　Ariabignes；　the　son　of　Darius；　Prexaspes；　the　son　of　Aspathines；　Megabazus；　the　son　of　Megabates；　and　Achaemenes；　the　son　of　Darius。　Ariabignes；　who　was　the　child　of　Darius　by　a　daughter　of　Gobryas；　was　leader　of　the　Ionian　and　Carian　ships；　Achaemenes；　who　was　own　brother　to　Xerxes；　of　the　Egyptian；　the　rest　of　the　fleet　was　commanded　by　the　other　two。　Besides　the　triremes；　there　was　an　assemblage　of　thirty…oared　and　fifty…oared　galleys；　of　cercuri；　and　transports　for　conveying　horses；　amounting　in　all　to　three　thousand。　　　　　Next　to　the　commanders；　the　following　were　the　most　renowned　of　those　who　sailed　aboard　the　fleet：…　Tetramnestus；　the　son　of　Anysus；　the　Sidonian；　Mapen；　the　son　of　Sirom；　the　Tyrian；　Merbal；　the　son　of　Agbal；　the　Aradian；　Syennesis；　the　son　of　Oromedon；　the　Cilician；　Cyberniscus；　the　son　of　Sicas；　the　Lycian；　Gorgus；　the　son　of　Chersis；　and　Timonax；　the　son　of　Timagoras；　the　Cyprians；　and　Histiaeus；　the　son　of　Timnes；　Pigres；　the　son　of　Seldomus；　and　Damasithymus；　the　son　of　Candaules；　the　Carians。　　　　　Of　the　other　lower　officers　I　shall　make　no　mention；　since　no　necessity　is　laid　on　me；　but　I　must　speak　of　a　certain　leader　named　Artemisia；　whose　participation　in　the　attack　upon　Greece；　notwithstanding　that　she　was　a　woman；　moves　my　special　wonder。　She　had　obtained　the　sovereign　power　after　the　death　of　her　husband；　and；　though　she　had　now　a　son　grown　up；　yet　her　brave　spirit　and　manly　daring　sent　her　forth　to　the　war；　when　no　need　required　her　to　adventure。　Her　name；　as　I　said；　was　Artemisia；　and　she　was　the　daughter　of　Lygdamis；　by　race　she　was　on　his　side　a　Halicarnassian；　though　by　her　mother　a　Cretan。　She　ruled　over　the　Halicarnassians；　the　men　of　Cos；　of　Nisyrus；　and　of　Calydna；　and　the　five　triremes　which　she　furnished　to　the　Persians　were；　next　to　the　Sidonian；　the　most　famous　ships　in　the　fleet。　She　likewise　gave　to　Xerxes　sounder　counsel　than　any　of　his　other　allies。　Now　the　cities　over　which　I　have　mentioned　that　she　bore　sway　were　one　and　all　Dorian；　for　the　Halicarnassians　were　colonists　from　Troezen；　while　the　remainder　were　from　Epidaurus。　Thus　much　concerning　the　sea…force。　　　　　Now　when　the　numbering　and　marshalling　of　the　host　was　ended；　Xerxes　conceived　a　wish　to　go　himself　throughout　the　forces；　and　with　his　own　eyes　behold　everything。　Accordingly　he　traversed　the　ranks　seated　in　his　chariot；　and；　going　from　nation　to　nation；　made　manifold　inquiries；　while　his　scribes　wrote　down　the　answers；　till　at　last　he　had　passed　from　end　to　end　of　the　whole　land　army；　both　the　horsemen　and　likewise　the　foot。　This　done；　he　exchanged　his　chariot　for　a　Sidonian　galley；　and；　seated　beneath　a　golden　awning；　sailed　along　the　prows　of　all　his　vessels　（the　vessels　having　now　been　hauled　down　and　launched　into　the　sea）；　while　he　made　inquiries　again；　as　he　had　done　when　he　reviewed　the　land…force；　and　caused　the　answers　to　be　recorded　by　his　scribes。　The　captains　took　their　ships　to　the　distance　of　about　four　hundred　feet　from　the　shore；　and　there　lay　to；　with　their　vessels　in　a　single　row；　the　prows　facing　the　land；　and　with　the　fighting…men　upon　the　decks　accoutred　as　if　for　war；　while　the　king　sailed　along　in　the　open　space　between　the　ships