the history-第116章

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ose　remained　unaccomplished。　They　therefore　resolved　to　shrink　from　no　contrivance　that　might　bring　them　success；　and　accordingly　they　contracted　with　the　Amphictyons　to　build　the　temple　which　now　stands　at　Delphi；　but　which　in　those　days　did　not　exist。　Having　done　this；　they　proceeded；　being　men　of　great　wealth　and　members　of　an　ancient　and　distinguished　family；　to　build　the　temple　much　more　magnificently　than　the　plan　obliged　them。　Besides　other　improvements；　instead　of　the　coarse　stone　whereof　by　the　contract　the　temple　was　to　have　been　constructed；　they　made　the　facings　of　Parian　marble。　　　　　These　same　men；　if　we　may　believe　the　Athenians；　during　their　stay　at　Delphi　persuaded　the　Pythoness　by　a　bribe　to　tell　the　Spartans；　whenever　any　of　them　came　to　consult　the　oracle；　either　on　their　own　private　affairs　or　on　the　business　of　the　state；　that　they　must　free　Athens。　So　the　Lacedaemonians；　when　they　found　no　answer　ever　returned　to　them　but　this；　sent　at　last　Anchimolius；　the　son　of　Aster…　a　man　of　note　among　their　citizens…　at　the　head　of　an　army　against　Athens；　with　orders　to　drive　out　the　Pisistratidae；　albeit　they　were　bound　to　them　by　the　closest　ties　of　friendship。　For　they　esteemed　the　things　of　heaven　more　highly　than　the　things　of　men。　The　troops　went　by　sea　and　were　conveyed　in　transports。　Anchimolius　brought　them　to　an　anchorage　at　Phalerum；　and　there　the　men　disembarked。　But　the　Pisistratidae；　who　had　previous　knowledge　of　their　intentions；　had　sent　to　Thessaly；　between　which　country　and　Athens　there　was　an　alliance；　with　a　request　for　aid。　The　Thessalians；　in　reply　to　their　entreaties；　sent　them　by　a　public　vote　1000　horsemen；　under　the　command　of　their　king；　Cineas；　who　was　a　Coniaean。　When　this　help　came；　the　Pisistratidae　laid　their　plan　accordingly：　they　cleared　the　whole　plain　about　Phalerum　so　as　to　make　it　fit　for　the　movements　of　cavalry；　and　then　charged　the　enemy's　camp　with　their　horse；　which　fell　with　such　fury　upon　the　Lacedaemonians　as　to　kill　numbers；　among　the　rest　Anchimolius；　the　general；　and　to　drive　the　remainder　to　their　ships。　Such　was　the　fate　of　the　first　army　sent　from　Lacedaemon；　and　the　tomb　of　Anchimolius　may　be　seen　to　this　day　in　Attica；　it　is　at　Alopecae　（Foxtown）；　near　the　temple　of　Hercules　in　Cynosargos。　　　　　Afterwards；　the　Lacedaemonians　despatched　a　larger　force　against　Athens；　which　they　put　under　the　command　of　Cleomenes；　son　of　Anaxandridas；　one　of　their　kings。　These　troops　were　not　sent　by　sea；　but　marched　by　the　mainland。　When　they　were　come　into　Attica；　their　first　encounter　was　with　the　Thessalian　horse；　which　they　shortly　put　to　flight；　killing　above　forty　men；　the　remainder　made　good　their　escape；　and　fled　straight　to　Thessaly。　Cleomenes　proceeded　to　the　city；　and；　with　the　aid　of　such　of　the　Athenians　as　wished　for　freedom；　besieged　the　tyrants；　who　had　shut　themselves　up　in　the　Pelasgic　fortress。　　　　　And　now　there　had　been　small　chance　of　the　Pisistratidae　falling　into　the　hands　of　the　Spartans；　who　did　not　even　design　to　sit　down　before　the　place；　which　had　moreover　been　well　provisioned　beforehand　with　stores　both　of　meat　and　drink；…　nay；　it　is　likely　that　after　a　few　days'　blockade　the　Lacedaemonians　would　have　quitted　Attica　altogether；　and　gone　back　to　Sparta…　had　not　an　event　occurred　most　unlucky　for　the　besieged；　and　most　advantageous　for　the　besiegers。　The　children　of　the　Pisistratidae　were　made　prisoners；　as　they　were　being　removed　out　of　the　country。　By　this　calamity　all　their　plans　were　deranged；　and…as　the　ransom　of　their　children…　they　consented　to　the　demands　of　the　Athenians；　and　agreed　within　five　days'　time　to　quit　Attica。　Accordingly　they　soon　afterwards　left　the　country；　and　withdrew　to　Sigeum　on　the　Scamander；　after　reigning　thirty…six　years　over　the　Athenians。　By　descent　they　were　Pylians；　of　the　family　of　the　Neleids；　to　which　Codrus　and　Melanthus　likewise　belonged；　men　who　in　former　times　from　foreign　settlers　became　kings　of　Athens。　And　hence　it　was　that　Hippocrates　came　to　think　of　calling　his　son　Pisistratus：　he　named　him　after　the　Pisistratus　who　was　a　son　of　Nestor。　Such　then　was　the　mode　in　which　the　Athenians　got　quit　of　their　tyrants。　What　they　did　and　suffered　worthy　of　note　from　the　time　when　they　gained　their　freedom　until　the　revolt　of　Ionia　from　King　Darius；　and　the　coming　of　Aristagoras　to　Athens　with　a　request　that　the　Athenians　would　lend　the　Ionians　aid；　I　shall　now　proceed　to　relate。　　　　　The　power　of　Athens　had　been　great　before；　but；　now　that　the　tyrants　were　gone；　it　became　greater　than　ever。　The　chief　authority　was　lodged　with　two　persons；　Clisthenes；　of　the　family　of　the　Alcmaeonids；　who　is　said　to　have　been　the　persuader　of　the　Pythoness；　and　Isagoras；　the　son　of　Tisander；　who　belonged　to　a　noble　house；　but　whose　pedigree　I　am　not　able　to　trace　further。　Howbeit　his　kinsmen　offer　sacrifice　to　the　Carian　Jupiter。　These　two　men　strove　together　for　the　mastery；　and　Clisthenes；　finding　himself　the　weaker；　called　to　his　aid　the　common　people。　Hereupon；　instead　of　the　four　tribes　among　which　the　Athenians　had　been　divided　hitherto；　Clisthenes　made　ten　tribes；　and　parcelled　out　the　Athenians　among　them。　He　likewise　changed　the　names　of　the　tribes；　for　whereas　they　had　till　now　been　called　after　Geleon；　Aegicores；　Argades；　and　Hoples；　the　four　sons　of　Ion；　Clisthenes　set　these　names　aside；　and　called　his　tribes　after　certain　other　heroes；　all　of　whom　were　native；　except　Ajax。　Ajax　was　associated　because；　although　a　foreigner；　he　was　a　neighbour　and　an　ally　of　Athens。　　　　　My　belief　is　that　in　acting　thus　he　did　but　imitate　his　maternal　grandfather；　Clisthenes；　king　of　Sicyon。　This　king；　when　he　was　at　war　with　Argos；　put　an　end　to　the　contests　of　the　rhapsodists　at　Sicyon；　because　in　the　Homeric　poems　Argos　and　the　Argives　were　so　constantly　the　theme　of　song。　He　likewise　conceived　the　wish　to　drive　Adrastus；　the　son　of　Talaus；　out　of　his　country；　seeing　that　he　was　an　Argive　hero。　For　Adrastus　had　a　shrine　at　Sicyon；　which　yet　stands　in　the　market…place　of　the　town。　Clisthenes　therefore　went　to　Delphi；　and　asked　the　oracle　if　he　might　expel　Adrastus。　To　this　the　Pythoness　is　reported　to　have　answered…　〃Adrastus　is　the　Sicyonians'　king；　but　thou　art　only　a　robber。〃　So　when　the　god　would　not　grant　his　request；　he　went　home　and　began　to　think　how　he　might　contrive　to　make　Adrastus　withdraw　of　his　own　accord。　After　a　while　he　hit　upon　a　plan　which　he　thought　would　succeed。　He　sent　envoys　to　Thebes　in　Boeotia；　and　informed　the　Thebans　that　he　wished　to　bring　Melanippus；　the　son　of　Astacus；　to　Sicyon。　The　Thebans　consenting；　Clisthenes　carried　Melanippus　back　with　him；　assigned　him　a　precinct　within　the　government…house；　and　built　him　a　shrine　there　in　the　safest　and　strongest　part。　The　reason　for　his　so　doing　（which　I　must　not　forbear　to　mention）　was　because　Melanippus　was　Adrastus'　great　enemy；　having　slain　both　his　brother　Mecistes　and　his　son…in…law　Tydeus。　Clisthenes；　after　assigning　the　precinct　to　Melanippus；　took　away　from　Adrastus　the　sacrifices　and　festivals　wherewith　he　had　till　then　been　honoured；　and　transferred　them　to　his　adversary。　Hitherto　the　Sicyonians　had　paid　extraordinary　honours　to　Adrastus；　because　the　country　had