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{4} Pliny says (〃Nat。 Hist。;〃 lib。 xi。; cap。 62) that the young vipers; impatient to be born; break through the side of their mother; and so kill her。
{5} Part 2。 Borrowed from by Philosophers。
{6} Timaeus; the Pythagorean philosopher of Locri; and the Athenian Critias are represented by Plato as having listened to the discourse of Socrates on a Republic。 Socrates calls on them to show such a state in action。 Critias will tell of the rescue of Europe by the ancient citizens of Attica; 10;000 years before; from an inroad of countless invaders who came from the vast island of Atlantis; in the Western Ocean; a struggle of which record was preserved in the temple of Naith or Athene at Sais; in Egypt; and handed down; through Solon; by family tradition to Critias。 But first Timaeus agrees to expound the structure of the universe; then Critias; in a piece left unfinished by Plato; proceeds to show an ideal society in action against pressure of a danger that seems irresistible。
{7} Plato's 〃Republic;〃 book ii。
{8} Part 3。 Borrowed from by Historians。
{9} Part 4。 Honoured by the Romans as Sacred and Prophetic。
{10} Part 5。 And really sacred and prophetic in the Psalms of David。
{11} Part 6。 By the Greeks; Poets were honoured with the name of Makers。
{12} Poetry is the one creative art。 Astronomers and others repeat what they find。
{13} Poets improve Nature。
{14} And idealize man。
{15} Here a Second Part of the Essay begins。
{16} Part 1。 Poetry defined。
{17} Part 2。 Its kinds。 a。 Divine。
{18} Philosophical; which is perhaps too imitative。
{19} Marcus Manilius wrote under Tiberius a metrical treatise on Astronomy; of which five books on the fixed stars remain。
{20} Poetry proper。
{21} Part 3。 Subdivisions of Poetry proper。
{22} Its essence is in the thought; not in apparelling of verse。
{23} Heliodorus was Bishop of Tricca; in Thessaly; and lived in the fourth century。 His story of Theagenes and Chariclea; called the 〃AEthiopica;〃 was a romantic tale in Greek which was; in Elizabeth's reign; translated into English。
{24} The Poet's Work and Parts。 Part 1。 WORK: What Poetry does for us。
{25} Their clay lodgings …
〃Such harmony is in immortal souls; But whilst this muddy vesture of decay Doth grossly close it in; we cannot hear it。〃 (Shakespeare; 〃Merchant of Venice;〃 act v。; sc。 1)
{26} Poetry best advances the end of all earthly learning; virtuous action。
{27} Its advantage herein over Moral Philosophy。
{28} It's advantage herein over History。
{29} 〃All men make faults; and even I in this; Authorising thy trespass with compare。〃 Shakespeare; 〃Sonnet〃 35。
{30} 〃Witness of the times; light of truth; life of memory; mistress of life; messenger of antiquity。〃Cicero; 〃De Oratore。〃
{31} In what manner the Poet goes beyond Philosopher; Historian; and all others (bating comparison with the Divine)。
{32} He is beyond the Philosopher。
{33} Horace's 〃Ars Poetica;〃 lines 372…3。 But Horace wrote 〃Non homines; non Di〃〃Neither men; gods; nor lettered columns have admitted mediocrity in poets。〃
{34} The moral common…places。 Common Place; 〃Locus communis;〃 was a term used in old rhetoric to represent testimonies or pithy sentences of good authors which might be used for strengthening or adorning a discourse; but said Keckermann; whose Rhetoric was a text…book in the days of James I。 and Charles I。; 〃Because it is impossible thus to read through all authors; there are books that give students of eloquence what they need in the succinct form of books of Common Places; like that collected by Stobaeus out of Cicero; Seneca; Terence; Aristotle; but especially the book entitled 'Polyanthea;' provides short and effective sentences apt to any matter。〃 Frequent resort to the Polyanthea caused many a good quotation to be hackneyed; the term of rhetoric; 〃a common…place;〃 came then to mean a good saying made familiar by incessant quoting; and then in common speech; any trite saying good or bad; but commonly without wit in it。
{35} Thus far Aristotle。 The whole passage in the 〃Poetics〃 runs: 〃It is not by writing in verse or prose that the Historian and Poet are distinguished。 The work of Herodotus might be versified; but it would still be a species of History; no less with metre than without。 They are distinguished by this; that the one relates what has been; the other what might be。 On this account Poetry is more philosophical; and a more excellent thing than History; for Poetry is chiefly conversant about general truth; History about particular。 In what manner; for example; any person of a certain character would speak or act; probably or necessarily; this is general; and this is the object of Poetry; even while it makes use of particular names。 But what Alcibiades did; or what happened to him; this is particular truth。〃
{36} Justinus; who lived in the second century; made an epitome of the history of the Assyrian; Persian; Grecian; Macedonian; and Roman Empires; from Trogus Pompeius; who lived in the time of Augustus。
{37} Dares Phrygius was supposed to have been a priest of Vulcan; who was in Troy during the siege; and the Phrygian Iliad ascribed to him as early as the time of AElian; A。D。 230; was supposed; therefore; to be older than Homer's。
{38} Quintus Curtius; a Roman historian of uncertain date; who wrote the history of Alexander the Great in ten books; of which two are lost and others defective。
{39} Not knowledge but practice。
{40} The Poet Monarch of all Human Sciences。
{41} In 〃Love's Labour's Lost〃 a resemblance has been fancied between this passage and Rosalind's description of Biron; and the jest:…
〃Which his fair tongueconceit's expositor … Delivers in such apt and gracious words; That aged ears play truant at his tables; And younger hearings are quite ravished; So sweet and voluble is his discourse。〃
{42} Virgil's 〃AEneid;〃 Book xii。:…
〃And shall this ground fainthearted dastard Turnus flying view? Is it so vile a thing to die?〃 (Phaer's Translation '1573'。)
{43} Instances of the power of the Poet's work。
{44} Defectuous。 This word; from the French 〃defectueux;〃 is used twice in the 〃Apologie for Poetrie。〃
{45} Part II。 The PARTS of Poetry。
{46} Can Pastoral be condemned?
{47} The close of Virgil's seventh EclogueThyrsis was vanquished; and Corydon crowned with lasting glory。
{48} Or Elegiac?
{49} Or Iambic? or Satiric?
{50} From the first Satire of Persius; line 116; in a description of Homer's satire:
〃Omne vafer vitium ridenti Flaccus amico Tangit; et admissus circum praecordia ludit;〃 &c。
Shrewd Flaccus touches each vice in his laughing friend。 Dryden thus translated the whole passage:…
〃Unlike in method; with concealed design Did crafty Horace his low numbers join; And; with a sly insinuating grace Laughed at his friend; and looked him in the face: Would raise a blush where secret vice he found; And tickle; while he gently probed the wound; With seeming innocence the crowd beguiled; But made the desperate passes while he smiled。〃
{51} From the end of the eleventh of Horace's epistles (Lib。 1):
〃Coelum non animum