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du roi justifiée〃 （1789）； p。 24。 In 1788 the expenses of the table are
reduced to 2；870；999 livres； of which 600；000 livres are appropriated
to Mesdames for their table。
＇20＇。 D'Hézecques； ibid。。 212。 Under Louis XVI。 there were two
chair…carriers to the king； who came every morning； in velvet coats
and with swords by their sides； to inspect and empty the object of
their functions； this post was worth to each one 20；000 livres per
annum。
＇21＇。 In 1787； Louis XVI。 either demolishes or orders to be sold；
Madrid； la Muette and Choisy； his acquisitions； however； Saint…Cloud；
Ile…Adam and Rambouillet； greatly surpassing his reforms。
＇22＇。 Necker； 〃Compte…rendu；〃 II。 452。 … Archives nationales； 01；
738。 p。62 and 64； O1 2805； O1 736。 … 〃La Maison du roi Justifiée〃
（1789）。 Constructions in 1775； 3；924；400； in 1786； 4；000；000； in 1788；
3；077；000 livres。 … Furniture in 1788； 1；700；000 livres。
＇23＇。 Here are some of the casual expenses。 （Archives nationales；
O1； 2805）。 On the birth of the Duc de Bourgogne in 1751； 604；477
livres。 For the Dauphin's marriage in 1770； 1；267；770 livres。 For the
marriage of the Comte d'Artois in 1773； 2；016；221 livres。 For the
coronation in 1775； 835；862 livre；。 For plays； concerts and balls in
1778； 481；744 livres； and in 1779； 382；986 livres。
＇24＇。 Warroquier； vol。 I。 ibid。； … 〃Marie Antoinette；〃 by
d'Arneth and Geffroy。 Letter of Mercy； Sept。 16； 1773。 〃The multitude
of people of various occupations following the king on his travels
resembles the progress of an army。〃
＇25＇。 The civil households of the king； queen； and Mme。 Elisabeth；
of Mesdames； and Mme。 Royale； 25；700；000。 … To the king's brothers and
sisters…in…law； 8；040；000。 … The king's military household； 7；681；000；
（Necker； 〃Compte…rendu；〃 II。 119）。 From 1774 to 1788 the expenditure
on the households of the king and his family varies from 32 to 36
millions； not including the military household； （〃La Maison du roi
justiftiée〃）。 In 1789 the households of the king； queen； Dauphin；
royal children and of Mesdames； cost 25 millions。 … Those of Monsieur
and Madame； 3；656；000； those of the Count and Countess d'Artois；
3；656；000； those of the Dukes de Berri and d'Angoulême； 700；000；
salaries continued to persons formerly in the princes' service；
228；000。 The total is 33；240；000。 … To this must be added the king's
military household and two millions in the princes' appanages。 （A
general account of fixed incomes and expenditure on the first of May；
1789； rendered by the minister of finances to the committee on
finances of the National Assembly。）
＇26＇。 Warroquier； ibid；（1789） vol。 I。； passim。
＇27＇。 An expression of the Comte d'Artois on introducing the
officers of his household to his wife。
＇28＇。 The number of light…horsemen and of gendarmes was reduced in
1775 and in 1776； both bodies were suppressed in 1787。
＇29＇。 The President of the 5th French Republic founded by General
de Gaulle is even today the source of numerous appointments of great
importance。 （SR。）
＇30＇。 Saint…Simon； 〃Mémoires；〃 XVI。 456。 This need of being always
surrounded continues up to the last moment； in 1791； the queen
exclaimed bitterly； speaking of the nobility； 〃when any proceeding of
ours displeases them they are sulky； no one comes to my table； the
king retires alone； we have to suffer for our misfortunes。〃 （Mme。
Campan； II。 177。）
＇31＇。 Duc de Lévis； 〃Souvenirs et Portraits；〃 29。 … Mme。 de
Maintenon； 〃Correspondance。〃
＇32＇。 M。 de V … who was promised a king's lieutenancy or command；
yields it to one of Mme。 de Pompadour's protégés； obtaining in lieu of
it the part of the exempt in 〃Tartuffe；〃 played by the seigniors
before the king in the small cabinet。 （Mme。 de Hausset； 168）。 〃M。
de V；… thanked Madame as if she had made him a duke。〃
＇33＇。 〃Paris； Versailles et les provinces au dix…huitième siècle；〃
II。 160； 168。 … Mercier； 〃Tableau de Paris；〃 IV。 150。 … De Ségur；
〃Mémoires；〃 I。 16。
＇34＇。 〃Marie Antoinette；〃 by D'Arneth and Geffroy； II。 27； 255；
281。 〃 Gustave III。〃 by Geffroy； November； 1786； bulletin of Mme。 de
Sta？l。 … D'Hézecques； ibid。。 231。 … Archives nationales； 01； 736； a
letter by M。 Amelot； September 23； 1780。 … De Luynes； XV。 260； 367；
XVI。 163 ladies； of which 42 are in service； appear and courtesy to
the king。 160 men and more than 100 ladies pay their respects to the
Dauphin and Dauphine。
＇35＇。 Cochin。 Engravings of a masked ball； of a dress ball； of the
king and queen at play； of the interior of the theater （1745）。
Customes of Moreau （1777）。 Mme。 de Genlis； 〃Dictionaire des
etiquettes；〃 the article parure。
＇36＇。 〃The difference between the tone and language of the court
and the town was about as perceptible as that between Paris and the
provinces。 〃 （De Tilly； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 153。）
＇37＇。 The following is an example of the compulsory inactivity of
the nobles … a dinner of Queen Marie Leczinska at Fontainebleau： 〃I
was introduced into a superb hall where I found about a dozen
courtiers promenading about and a table set for as many persons； which
was nevertheless prepared for but one person。 。 。 。 The queen sat
own while the twelve courtiers took their positions in a semi…circle
ten steps from the table； I stood alongside of them imitating their
deferential silence。 Her Majesty began to eat very fast； keeping her
eyes fixed on the plate。 Finding one of the dishes to her taste she
returned to it； and then； running her eye around the circle； she said
〃Monsieur de Lowenthal？〃 … On hearing this name a fine…looking man
advanced； bowing； and replied； 〃Madame？〃 … 〃I find that this ragout is
fricassé chicken。〃 〃I believe it is' Madame。〃 … On making this
answer； in the gravest manner； the marshal； retiring backwards；
resumed his position； while the queen finished her dinner； never
uttering another word and going back to her room the same way as she
came。〃 （Memoirs of Casanova。）
＇38＇。 〃Under Louis XVI； who arose at seven or eight o'clock； the
lever took place at half…past eleven unless hunting or ceremonies
required it earlier。〃 There is the same ceremonial at eleven； again in
the evening on retiring； and also during the day； when he changes his
boots。 （D'Hézecque； 161。）
＇39＇。 Warroquier； I。 94。 Compare corresponding detail under Louis
XVI in Saint…Simon XIII。 88。
＇40＇。 〃Marie Antoinette；〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy； II。 217。
＇41＇。 In all changes of the coat the left arm of the king is
appropriated by the wardrobe and the right arm to the 〃chambre。〃
＇42＇。 The queen breakfasts in bed； and 〃there are ten or twelve
persons present at this first reception or entrée。 。 。 〃 The grand
receptions taking place at the dressing hour。 〃This reception
comprises the princes of the blood； the captains of the guards and
most of the grand…officers。〃 The same ceremo