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the origins of contemporary france-1-第158章

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forth in all court…rolls and acknowledgments rendered to the king and

perpetuated by numerous admissions the motives that have led former

stewards and fermiers to interrupt the collection of these cannot be

divined。  Many of the seigniors in Bourbonnais have the benefit of and

exact these taxes of their vassals by virtue of titles much more open

to question than those of the seigniors of Blet。〃



9。  Rights of protection of the chateau of Blet。  The royal edict of

1497; fixing this charge for the inhabitants of Blet and all those

dwelling within the jurisdiction of its tribunals; those of Charly;

Boismarvier; etc。; at five sous per fire per annum; which has been

carried out。  〃Only lately has the collection of this been suspended;

notwithstanding its recognition at no late date; the inhabitants all

admitting themselves to be subject to the said guet et garde of the

chateau。



10。  Right of toll on all merchandise and provisions passing through

the town of Blet; except grain; flour and vegetables。  (A trial pending

before the Council of State since 1727 and not terminated in 1745;

〃the collection thereof; meanwhile; being suspended〃)。



11。  Right of potage on wines sold at retail in Blet; ensuring to

the seignior nine pints of wine per cask; leased in 1782 for six

years; at sixty livres per annum。



12。  Right of boucherie or of taking the tongues of all animals

slaughtered in the town; with; additionally; the heads and feet of all

calves。  No slaughter…house at Blet; and yet 〃during the harvesting of

each year about twelve head of cattle are slaughtered。〃 This tax is

collected by the steward and is valued at three livres per annum。



13。  Right of fairs and markets; aunage; weight and measures。  Five

fairs per annum and one market…day each week; but little frequented;

no grain…market。  This right is valued at twenty…four livres per annum。



14。  Corvées of teams and manual labor; through seigniorial right;

on ninety…seven persons at Blet (twenty…two carvées of teams and

seventy…five of manual labor); twenty…six persons at Brosses (five

teams and twenty…one hands)。  The seignior pays six sous for food; each

corvée; on men; and twelve sous on each corvee of four oxen。  〃Among

those subject to this corvée the larger number are reduced almost to

beggary and have large families; which often induces the seignior not

to exact this right rigorously。〃 The reduced value of the corvées is

forty…nine livres fifteen sols。



15。  Benalité (socome); of the mill; (a sentence of 1736 condemning

Roy; a laborer; to have his grain ground in the mill of Blet; and to

pay a fine for having ceased to have grain ground there during three

years)。  The miller reserves a sixteenth of the flour ground。  The

district…mill; as well as the windmill; with six arpents adjoining;

are leased at 600 livres per annum。



16。  Banalité of the oven。  Agreement of 1537 between the seignior

and his vassals: he allows them the privilege of a small oven in their

domicile of three squares; six inches each; to bake pies; biscuits and

cakes; in other respects subject to the district oven。  He is entitled

to one…sixteenth of the dough; this right might produce 150 livres

annually; but; for several years; the oven has been dilapidated。



17。  Right of the colombier; dove…cot。  The chateau park contains

one。



18。  Right of bordelage。  (The seignior is heir…at…law; except when

the children of the deceased live with their parents at the time of

his death。  This right covers an area of forty…eight arpentss。  For

twenty years; through neglect or from other causes; he has derived

nothing from this。



19。  Right over waste and abandoned ground and to alluvial

accumulations。



20。  Right; purely honorary; of seat and burial in the choir; of

incense and of special prayer; of funeral hangings outside and inside

the church。



21。  Rights of lods et ventes on copyholders; due by the purchaser

of property liable to this lien; in forty days。  〃In Bourbonnais; the

lods et ventes are collected at a third; a quarter; at the sixth;

eighth and twelfth rate。〃 The seignior of Blet and Brosses collects at

rate six。  It is estimated that sales are made once in eighty years;

these rights bear on 1;356 arpents which are worth; the best; 192

livres per arpent the second best; 110 livres; the poorest; 75 livres。

At this rate the 1;350 arpents are worth 162;750 livres。  A discount of

one…quarter of the lods et ventes is allowed to purchasers。  Annual

revenue of this right 254 livres。



22。  Right of tithe and of charnage。  The seignior has obtained all

tithe rights; save a few belonging to the canons of Don…le…Rol and to

the prior of Chaumont。  The tithes are levied on the thirteenth sheaf。

They are comprised in the leases。



23。  Right of terrage or champart: the right of collecting; after

the tithes; a portion of the produce of the ground。  〃In Bourbonnais;

the terrage is collected in various ways; on the third sheaf; on the

fifth; sixth; seventh; and commonly one…quarter; at Blet it is the

twelfth。〃 The seignior of Blet collects terrage only on a certain

number of the farms of his seigniory; 〃in relation to Brosses; it

appears that all domains possessed by copyholders are subject to the

right。〃 These rights of terrage are comprised in the leases of the

farms of Blet and of Brosses。



24。  Cens; surcens and rentes due on real property of different

kinds; houses; fields; meadows; etc。; situated in the territory of the

seigniory。  In the seigniory of Blet; 810 arpents; divided into 511

portions; in the hands of 120 copyholders; are in this condition; and

their cens annually consists of 137 francs in money; sixty…seven

bushels of wheat; three of barley; 159 of oats; sixteen hens; 130

chickens; six cocks and capons; the total valued at 575 francs。  On the

Brosses estate; eighty…five arpents; divided into 112 parcels; in the

hands of twenty copyholders; are in this condition; and their total

cens is fourteen francs money; seventeen bushels of wheat; thirty…two

of barley; twenty…six hens; three chickens and one capon; the whole

valued at 126 francs。



25。  Rights over the commons (124 arpents in Blet and 164 arpents in

Brosses)。



The vassals have on these only the right of use。  〃Almost the whole

of the land; on which they exercise this right of pasturage; belongs

to the seigniors; save this right with which they are burdened; it is

granted only to a few individuals。〃



26。  Rights over the fiefs mouvants of the barony of Blet。  Some are

situated in Bourbonnais; nineteen being in this condition。  In

Bourbonnais; the fiefs; even when owned by plebeians; simply owe la

bouche et les mains to the seignior at each mutation。  Formerly the

seignior of Blet enforced; in this case; the right of redemption which

has been allowed to fall into desuetude。  Others are situated in Berry

where the right of redemption is exercised。  One fief in Berry; that o
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