按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
allowed a confessor； the last of the condemned that will have one； as
an act of grace； will be 。 。 。' He stopped a moment。 'Tell me； now；
who is the fortunate mortal enjoying this prerogative？' … 'It is the
last that will remain to him； and it will be the King of France。'〃
_____________________________________________________________________
Note：
＇1＇ Laharpe； or La Harpe； Jean Fran？ois。 （Paris 1739…1803）。 Author
and critic； made a member of the Academy in 1776。 （SR）。
END OF VOLUME NOTES：
NOTE 1。
ON THE NUMBER OF ECCLESIASTICS AND NOBLES。
These approximate estimates are arrived at in the following manner：
1。 The number of nobles in 1789 was unknown。 The genealogist
Chérin； in his 〃Abrégé chronologique des Edits； etc。〃 （1789）； states
that he is ignorant of the number。 Moheau； to whom Lavoisier refers in
his report； 1791； is equally ignorant in this respect。 （〃Recherches
sur la population de la France；〃 1778； p。 105）； Lavoisier states the
number as 83；000； while the Marquis de Bouillé （〃Mémoires；〃 p。50）；
states 80；000 families； neither of these authorities advancing proofs
of their statements。 … I find in the 〃Catalogue nominatif des
gentilhommes en 1789；〃 by Laroque and De Barthélemy； the number of
nobles voting； directly or by proxy； in the elections of 1789； in
Provence； Languedoc； Lyonnais； Forez； Beaujolais； Touraine； Normandy；
and Ile…de…France； as 9；167。 … According to the census of 1790；
given by Arthur Young in his 〃Travels in France；〃 the population of
these provinces was 7；757；000； which gives a proportion of 30；000
nobles voting in a population of 26；000；000。 … On examining the law
and on summing up the lists； we find that each noble represents
somewhat less than a family； inasmuch as the son of the owner of a
fief votes if he is twenty…five years of age； I think； accordingly；
that we are not far out of the way in estimating the number of noble
families at 26；000 or 28；000； which number； at five individuals to the
family； gives 130；000 or 140；000 nobles。 … The territory of France
in 1789 being 27；000 square leagues；＇1＇ and the population 26；000；000；
we may assign one noble family to every square league of territory and
to every 1；000 inhabitants。
2。 Concerning the clergy I find in the National Archives； among the
ecclesiastical records； the following enumeration of monks belonging
to 28 orders： Grand Augustins 694； Petits…Pères 250；
Barnabites 90； English Bénédictines 52； Bénédictines of Cluny 298； of
Saint…Vanne 612； of Saint…Maur 1；672； Citeaux 1；806； Récollets 2；238；
Prémontrés 399； Prémontrés Réformés 394； Capucins 3；720； Carmes
déchaussés 555； Grands…Carmes 853； Hospitaliers de Saint…Jean de Dieu
218； Chartreux 1；144； Cordeliers 2；018； Dominicans 1；172； Feuillants
148； Genovéfains 570； Mathurins 310； Minimes 684； Notre…Dame de la
Merci 31； Notre…Saveur 203； Tiers…Ordre de St。 Fran？ois 365； Saint…
Jean des Vignes de Soissons 31； Théatins 25； abbaye de Saint…Victor
21； Maisons soumises à l'ordinaire 305。 Total 20；745 monks in 2；489
convents。 To this must be added the Pères de 1'Oratoire； de la
Mission； de la Doctrine chrétienne and some others； the total of monks
being about 23；000。 … As to nuns； I have a catalogue from the
National Archives of twelve dioceses； comprising according to 〃France
ecclésiastique〃 1788； 5；576 parishes： the diocèses respectively of
Perpignan； Tulle； Marseilles； Rhodez； Saint…Flour； Toulouse； le Mans；
Limoges； Lisieux； Rouen； Reims； and Noyon； in all； 5；394 nuns in 198
establishments。 The proportion is 37；000 nuns in 1；500 establishments
for the 38；000 parishes of France。 … The total of regular clergy
thus amounts to 60；000 persons。 … The secular clergy may be
estimated at 70；000： curates and vicars 60；000 （〃Histoire de l'Eglise
de France；〃 XII。 142； by the Abbé Guettée）； prelates； vicars…general；
canons of chapters； 2；800； collegiate canons； 5；600； ecclésiastics
without livings； 3；000 （Sieyès）。 Moheau； a clear…headed and cautious
statistician； writes in 1778 （〃Recheches；〃 p。 100）： 〃Perhaps； to day；
there are 130；000 ecclesiastics in the kingdom。〃 The enumeration of
1866 （〃Statistique de la France；〃 population）； gives 51；100 members of
the secular clergy； 18；500 monks； 86；300 nuns； total； 155；900 in a
population of 38；000；000 inhabitants。
_________________________________________________________________________
Notes：
＇1＇ In 1998； 550 000 square kilometers。 （SR。）
＇2＇ Archives nationales； G。 319 （〃Etat actuel de la Direction de
Bourges au point de vue des aides；〃 1774）。
＇3＇ Blet； at the present day； contains 1；629 inhabitants。 （This was
around 1884； in 1996 it remains a small commune and a village of 800
people on the route nationale N76 between Bourges and Sancoins。 SR。）
＇4＇ The farms of Blet and Brosses really produce nothing for the
proprietor； inasmuch as the tithes and the champart （field…rents）；
（articles 22 and 23）； are comprehended in the rate of the leases。
END NOTE 2：
ON FEUDAL RIGHTS AND ON THE STATE OF FEUDAL DOMINION IN 1733。
The following information； for which I am indebted to M。 de
Boislisle； is derived from an act of partition drawn up September 6；
1783。
It relates to the estates of Blet and Brosses。 The barony and
estate of Blet lies in Bourbonnais； two leagues from Dun…le…Roi。 Blet；
says a memorandum of an administrator of the Excise； is a 〃good
parish； the soil is excellent； mostly in wood and pasture； the surplus
being in tillable land for wheat； rye and oats。 。 。 。 The roads are
bad； especially in winter。 The trade consists principally of horned
cattle and embraces grain； the woods rot away on account of their
remoteness from the towns and the difficulty of turning them to
account。〃＇1＇
〃This estate；〃 says the act of valuation； 〃is in royal tenure on
account of the king's chateau and fortress of Ainay； under the
designation of the town of Blet。〃 The town was formerly fortified and
its castle still remains。 Its population was once large； 〃but the
civil wars of the sixteenth century； and especially the emigration of
the Protestants caused it to be deserted to such an extent that out of
its former population of 3；000 scarcely 300 remain；＇2＇ which is the fate
of nearly all the towns in this country。〃 The estate of Blet； for many
centuries in the possession of the Sully family； passed； on the
marriage of the heiress in 1363； to the house of Saint…Quentin； and
was then transmitted in direct line down to 1748； the date of the
death of Alexander II。 of Saint…Quentins； Count of Diet； governor of
Berg…op…Zoom； and father of three daughters from whom the actual heirs
descend。 These heirs are the Count de Simiane； the Chevalier de
Simiane； and the minors of Bercy； each party owning one…third；
represented by 97；667 livres in the Blet estate； and 20；408 livres in
the Brosses estate。 The eldest； Com