友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!阅读过程发现任何错误请告诉我们,谢谢!! 报告错误
飞读中文网 返回本书目录 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 进入书吧 加入书签

the origins of contemporary france-1-第150章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!



strangers from everywhere; armed with clubs; ragged; 。  。  。  some almost

naked; others oddly dressed〃 in incongruous patches and 〃frightful to

look at;〃 constitute the riotous chiefs or their subordinates; at six

francs per head; behind which the people are to march。



〃At Paris;〃 says Mercier;'50' 〃the people are weak; pallid;

diminutive; stunted;〃 maltreated; 〃and; apparently; a class apart from

other classes in the country。  The rich and the great who possess

equipages; enjoy the privilege of crushing them or of mutilating them

in the streets。  。  。  There is no convenience for pedestrians; no side…

walks。  Hundred victims die annually under the carriage wheels。〃 〃I

saw;〃 says Arthur Young; 〃a poor child run over and probably killed;

and have been myself several times been covered from head to toe with

the water from the gutter。  Should young (English) noblemen drive along

London streets without sidewalks; in the same manner as their equals

in Paris; they would speedily and justly get very well thrashed and

rolled in the gutter。〃



Mercier grows uneasy in the face of the immense populace:



 〃In Paris there are; probably; 200;000 persons with no property

intrinsically worth fifty crowns; and yet the city subsists!〃



Order; consequently; is maintained only through fear and by force;

owing to the soldiery of the watch who are called tristes…à…patte by

the crowd。  〃This nick name enrages this species of militia; who then

deal heavier blows around them; wounding indiscriminately all they

encounter。  The low class is always ready to make war on them because

it has never been fairly treated by them。〃 In fact; 〃a squad of the

guard often scatters; with no trouble; crowds of five or six hundred

men; at first greatly excited; but melting away in the twinkling of an

eye; after the soldiery have distributed a few blows and handcuffed

two or three of the ringleaders。〃  …   Nevertheless; 〃were the people

of Paris abandoned to their true inclinations; did they not feel the

horse and foot guards behind them; the commissary and policeman; there

would be no limits to their disorder。  The populace; delivered from its

customary restraint; would give itself up to violence of so cruel a

stamp as not to know when to stop。  。  。  As long as white bread

lasts;'51' the commotion will not prove general; the flour market'52'

must interest itself in the matter; if the women are to remain

tranquil。  。  。  Should white bread be wanting for two market days in

succession; the uprising would be universal; and it is impossible to

foresee the lengths this multitude at bay will go to in order to

escape famine; they and their children。〃 …In 1789 white bread proves

to be wanting throughout France。



___________________________________________________________________



Notes:



'1' Théron de Montaugé; 102; 113。  In the Toulousain ten parishes

out of fifty have schools。  … In Gascony; says the ass。  prov。  of Auch

(p。  24); 〃most of the rural districts are without schoolmasters or

parsonages。〃 … In 1778; the post between Paris and Toulouse runs only

three times a week; that of Toulouse by way of Alby; Rodez; etc。;

twice a week; for Beaumont; Saint…Girons; etc。; once a week。  〃In the

country;〃 says Théron de Montaugé; 〃one may be said to live in

solitude and exile。〃 In 1789 the Paris post reaches Besan?on three

times a week。  (Arthur Young; I。  257)。



'2' One of the Marquis de Mirabeau's expressions。



'3' Archives nationales; G。  300; letter of an excise director at

Coulommiers; Aug。  13; 1781。



'4' D'Argenson; VI。  425 (June 16; 1751)。



'5' De Montlosier; I。  102; 146。



'6' Théron de Montaugé; 102。



'7' Monsieur Nicolas; I。  448。



'8' 〃Tableaux de la Révolution;〃 by Schmidt; II。  7 (report by the

agent Perriere who lived in Auvergne。)



'9' Gouverneur Morris; II。  69; April 29; 1789。



'10' Mercier; 〃Tableau de Paris;〃 XII。  83。



'11' De Vaublanc; 209。



'12' Mandrin; (Louis) (Saint étienne…de… Saint…Geoirs; Isère; 1724

… Valence; 1755)。  French smuggler who; after 1750; was active over an

enormous territory with the support of the population; hunted down by

the army; caught; condemned to death to be broken alive on the wheel。

(SR。)



'13' Arthur Young; I。  283 (Aug。  13; 1789); I。  289 (Aug。  19; 1789)。



'14' Archives nationales; H; 274。  Letters respectively of M。 de

Caraman (March 18 and April 12; 1789); M。 d'Eymar de Montmegran (April

2); M。 de la Tour (March 30)。  〃The sovereign's greatest benefit is

interpreted in the strangest manner by an ignorant populace。〃



'15' Doniol; 〃Hist。  Des classes rurales;〃 495。  (Letter of Aug。  3;

1789; to M。 de Clermont…Tonnerre)。



'16' Archives nationales; H。  1453。  (Letter of Aug。  3; 1789; to M。

de Clermont…Tonnere)。



'17' Procès…verbaux de l'ass。  Prov。  D'Orléanais;〃 p。  296。〃Distrusts

still prevails throughout the rural districts。  。  。  Your first orders

for departmental assemblies only awakened suspicion in certain

quarters。〃



'18' 〃Tableau de Paris;〃 XII。  186。



'19' Mme。  Vigée…Lebrun; I。  158; (1788); I。  183 (1789)。



'20' Archives nationals; H。  723。  (Letter of M。 de Caumartin;

intendant at Besan?on; Dec。  5; 1788)。



'21' D'Argenson; March 13; 1752。



'22' 〃Corresp。;〃 of Métra; V; 179 (November 22; 1777)。



'23' Beugnot; I。  142。  〃No inhabitant of the barony of Choiseul

mingled with any of the bands composed of the patriots of Montigny;

smugglers and outcasts of the neighborhood。〃 … See; on the poachers of

the day; 〃Les deux amis de Bourbonne;〃 by Diderot。



'24' De Calonne; 〃Mémoires presentés à l'ass。  des notables;〃 No。  8。

…  Necker; 〃De l'Administration des Finances;〃 I。  195。



'25' Letrosne; 〃De l'Administration des Finances;〃 59。



'26' Archives nationales; H。  426。  (Mémoires of the farmers…general;

Jan。  13; 1781; Sept。  15; 1782)。  H; 614。  (Letter of M。 de Coetlosquet;

April 25; 1777)。  H; 1431。  Report by the farmers…general; March 9;

1787。



'27' Archives nationales; H; 1453。  Letter of the Baron de Bezenval;

June 19; 1789。



'28' 〃Mandrin;〃 by Paul Simian; passim。  …  〃Histoire de Beaume;〃

by Rossignol; p。  453。  … 〃Mandrin;〃 by Ch。  Jarrin (1875)。  Major Fisher;

who attacks and disperses the gang; writes that the affair is urgent

since; 〃higher to the North near Forez; one can find two or three

hundred vagrants who only wait for a chance to unite with them。〃

(p。47。)



'29' Mercier; XI。  116。



'30' See above; book I。  p。  55。



'31' Letrosne; ibid。  (1779); p。  539。



'32' Archives nationales; F16; 965; and H; 892。  (Ordinance of

August 4 1764; a circular of instructions of July 20; 1767; a letter

of a police lieutenant of Toulouse; September 21; 1787)。



'33' Archives nationales; H; 724; H; 554; F4 2397; F16 965。  …

Letters of the jailers of Carcassonne (June 22; 1789); of Béziers

(July 19; 1786); of Nimes (July 1; 1786); of the intendant; M。 d'A
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0
未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!