友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!阅读过程发现任何错误请告诉我们,谢谢!! 报告错误
飞读中文网 返回本书目录 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 进入书吧 加入书签

the origins of contemporary france-1-第119章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!




VIII。   153; (1752; 1753; 1754)。   … Rousseau's discourse on

Inequality belongs also to 1753。   On this steady march of opinion

consult the excellent work of d'Aubertin; 〃L'Esprit public au dix…

huitième siècle。〃



'36' This seems to be prophetic of the night of August 4; 1789。



'37' 〃Corresp。   de Laurette de Malboissière;〃 published by the

Marquise de la Grange。   (Sept。   4; 1762; November 8; 1762)。



'38' Madame du Deffant in a letter to Madame de Choiseul; (quoted

by Geffroy); 〃Gustave et la cour de France;〃 I。   279。



'39' Geffroy; ibid。   I。   232; 241; 245。



'40' Geffroy; ibid。   I。267; 281。   See letters by Madame de

Boufflers (October; 1772; July 1774)。



'41' Ibid。。   I。   285。   The letters of Mme。   de la March (1776;

1777; 1779)。



'42' A victim of religious rancor against the protestants; whose

cause; taken op by Voltaire; excited great indignation。… TR。



'43' Bachaumont; III。   14 (March 28; 1766。   Walpole; Oct。   6;

1775)。



'44' Geffloy; ibid。   (A letter by Mme Sta?l; 5776)。



'45' Collé; 〃Journal;〃 III。   437 (1770) : 〃Women have got the

upper hand with the French to such an extent; they have so subjugated

them; that they neither feel nor think except as they do。〃



'46' 〃Correspondance;〃 by Métra; III。   200; IV。   131。



'47' 〃Mémoires du Chancelier Pasquier; _Ed。  Plon Paris 1893; Vol。

I。  page26。



'48' De Vaublanc; 〃Souvenirs;〃 I。   117; 377。



'49' De Ségur; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。   17。



'50' Ibid。   I。   151。    〃I saw the entire Court at the theater in

the chateau at Versailles enthusiastically applaud Voltaire's tragedy

of 'Brutus;' and especially these lines:



Je suis fils de Brutus; et je porte en mon coeur

La liberté gravée et les rois en horreur。〃



'51' De Lauzun; 80 (in relation to his expedition into Corsica)。



'52' De Ségur; I。   87。



'53' The assemblies of Berry and Haute…Guyenne began in 1778 and

1779; those of other generalships in 1787。   All functioned until

1789。   (Cf。   Léonce de Lavergne; 〃Les Assemblées provinciales〃)。



'54' Léonce de Lavergne; ibid。   26; 55; 183。   The tax department

of the provincial assembly of Tours likewise makes its demands on the

privileged class in the matter of taxation。



'55' Procés…verbaux of the prov。   ass。   of Normandy; the

generalship of Alen?on; 252。    …  Cf。   Archives nationales; II;

1149: in 1778 in the generalship of Moulins; thirty…nine persons;

mostly nobles; supply from their own funds 18;950 livres to the 60;000

livres allowed by the king for roads and asylums。



'56' Archives nationales; procès…verbaux and registers of the

States…General; vol。   XLIX。   p。712; 714 (the nobles and clergy of

Dijon); vol。   XVI。   p。   183 (the nobles of Auxerre) vol。   XXIX。

pp。352; 455; 458 (the clergy and nobles of Berry); vol。   CL。   p。266

(the clergy and nobles of Tours); vol。   XXIX; the clergy and nobles

of Chateauroux; (January 29; 1789); pp。   572; 582。   vol。   XIII。

765 (the nobles of Autun)。   … See as a summary of the whole; the

〃Résumé des Cahiers〃 by Prud'homme; 3 vols。



'57' Prud'homme; ibid。。   II。   39; 51; 59。   De Lavergne; 384。

In 1788; two hundred gentlemen of the first families of Dauphiny sign;

conjointly with the clergy and the Third…Estate of the province; an

address to the king in which occurs the following passage: 〃Neither

time nor obligation legitimizes despotism; the rights of men derive

from nature alone and are independent of their engagements。〃



'58' Lacretelle; 〃Hist。   de France au dix…huitième siècle;〃 V。2。



'59' Procès…verbeaux of the prov。   ass。   of the Ile…de…France

(1787); p。127。



'60' De Lavergne; ibid。。   52; 369。



'61' 〃Le cri de la raison;〃 by Clerget; curé d'Onans (1789); p。258。



'62' Lucas de Montigny; 〃Mémoires de Mirabeau;〃 I。   290; 368。    …

Théron de Montaugé; 〃L'agriculture et les classes rurales dans le pays

Toulousain;〃 p。   14。



'63' 〃Foreigners generally could scarcely form an idea of the power

of public opinion at this time in France; they can with difficulty

comprehend the nature of that invisible power which commands even in

the king's palace。〃 (Necker; 1784; quoted by De Tocqueville)。



'64' Granier de Cassagnac; II。   236。    … M。 de Malesherbes;

according to custom; inspected the different state prisons; at the

beginning of the reign of Louis XVI。   〃He told me himself that he had

only released two。〃 (Senac de Meilhan; 〃Du gouvemement; des moeurs; et

des conditions en France。〃)。



'65' Archives nationales; II。   1418; 1149; F。   14; 2073。

(Assistance rendered to various suffering provinces and places。)



'66' Aubertin; p。484 (according to Bachaumont)。



'67' De Lavergne; 472。



'68' Mathieu Dumas; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。426。    …  Sir Samuel Romilly;

〃Mémoires;〃 I。   99。 〃Confidence increased even to extravagance;〃

(Mme。   de Genlis)。    …  On the 29th June; 1789; Necker said at the

council of the king at Marly; 〃What is more frivolous than the fears

now entertained concerning the organization of the assembly of the

States…General? No law can be passed without obtaining the king's

assent〃 (De Barentin; 〃Mémoires;〃 p。   187)。    …  Address of the

National Assembly to its constituents; October 2; 1789。   〃A great

revolution of which the idea should have appeared chimerical a few

months since has been effected amongst us。〃













   CHAPTER III。  THE MIDDLE CLASS。



   I。    THE PAST。



   The former spirit of the Third…Estate。  … Public matters concern

the king only。  …  Limits of the Jansenist and parliamentarian

opposition。



   The new philosophy; confined to a select circle; had long served

as a mere luxury for refined society。  Merchants; manufacturers;

shopkeepers; lawyers; attorneys; physicians; actors; professors;

curates; every description of functionary; employee and clerk; the

entire middle class; had been absorbed with its own cares。  The

horizon of each was limited; being that of the profession or

occupation which each exercised; that of the corporation in which each

one was comprised; of the town in which each one was born; and; at the

utmost; that of the province which each one inhabited'1'。  A dearth of

ideas coupled with conscious diffidence restrained the bourgeois

within his hereditary barriers。  His eyes seldom chanced to wander

outside of them into the forbidden and dangerous territory of state

affairs; hardly was a furtive and rare glance bestowed on any of the

public acts; on the matters which 〃belonged to the king。〃 There was no

critical irritability then; except with the bar; the compulsory

satellite of the Parliament; and borne along in its orbit。  In 1718;

after a session of the royal court (lit de justice); the lawyers of

Paris being on a strike the Regent exclaims angrily and with

astonishment; 〃What! those fellows meddling too!〃'2'  It must be

stated furthermore that many kept themselves in the background。  〃My
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0
未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!