按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
attorney generals； the mayors of the thirty…six principal towns。 （In
1811； instead of 36； there are 52 principal towns。） May also become
barons； the presidents and members of the department electoral
colleges who have attended three sessions of these colleges。〃
＇35＇ Decree of Thermidor 4； year X。
＇36＇ Law of Pluvi？se 28； year VIII。
＇37＇ 〃Procés…verbaux des conseils généraux〃 of the years VIII and X。
（The second series drawn up after those propounded by the minister
Chaptal； is much more complete and furnishes an historical document of
the highest importance。）
＇38＇ 〃 Statistiques des préfets （from the years IX to XIII； about 40
volumes）。
＇39＇ Beugnot； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。； 363。
＇40＇ Faber； ibid。； 127。 … Cf。 Charlotte de Sohr； 〃Napoleon en 1811〃
（details and anecdotes on Napoleon's journey through Belgium and
Holland）。
＇41＇ Beugnot； I。； 380； 384。 〃He struck the good Germans dumb with
admiration； unable to comprehend how it was that their interests had
become so familiar to him and with what superiority he treated them。〃
＇42＇ Beugnot； ibid。； I。； 395。 Everywhere； on the Emperor's passage
（1811）； the impression experienced was a kind of shock as at the
sight of a wonderful apparition。
＇43＇ Thiers； 〃 Histoire du Consulat et l'Empire；〃 XVI。； 246 （January；
1813）。 〃A word to the prefect； who transmitted this to one of the
municipal councilors of his town； was enough to insure an offer from
some large town and have this imitated throughout the empire。 Napoleon
had an idea that he could get towns and cantons to offer him troops of
horse； armed and equipped。〃 … In fact； this offer was voted with
shouts by the Paris municipal council and； through contagion； in the
provinces。 As to voting this freely it suffices to remark how the
annexed towns voted； which； six months later； are to rebel。 Their
offers are not the least。 For instance； Amsterdam offers 100 horsemen；
Hamburg 100； Rotterdam 50； the Hague 40； Leyden 24； Utrecht 20；
Dusseldorf 12。 … The horsemen furnished are men enlisted for money；
16；000 are obtained； and the sum voted suffices to purchase
additionally 22；000 horses and 22；000 equipments。 … To obtain this
money； the prefect himself apportions the requisite sum among those in
his department who pay the most taxes； at the rate of from 6oo to 1000
francs per head。 On these arbitrary requisitions and a great many
others； either in money or in produce； and on the sentiments of the
farmers and landed proprietors in the South； especially after 1813；
cf。 the 〃 Mémoires de M。 Villèle；〃 vol。 I。； passim。
＇44＇ Comte Joseph d'Estourmel； 〃Souvenirs de France et d'Italie； 240。
The general council of Rouen was the first to suggest the vote for
guards of honor。 Assembled spontaneously （meetings are always
spontaneous）； its members pass an enthusiastic address。 〃The example
was found to be excellent； the address was published in the Moniteur；
and sent to all the prefects 。 。 。 。 The councils were obliged to
meet； which generously disposed of other people's children； and very
worthy persons； myself first of all； thought that they might join in
this shameful purpose； to such an extent had imperial fanaticism
fascinated them and perverted consciences！〃
＇45＇ Archives nationales （state of accounts of the prefects and
reports of the general police commissioners； F7； 5014 and following
records。 … Reports of senators on their senatoreries； AF； IV。； 1051；
and following records）。 … These papers disclose at different dates the
state of minds and of things in the provinces。 Of all these reports；
that of Roederer on the senatorerie of Caen is the most instructive；
and gives the most details on the three departments composing it。
（Printed in his 〃？uvres complètes；〃 vol。 III。）
＇46＇ The reader will find in the Archives nationales； the fullest and
most precise information concerning local administration and the
sentiments of the different classes of society； in the correspondence
of the prefects of the first Restoration； of the hundred days； and of
the second Restoration from 1814 to 1823 （Cf。 especially those of
Haute…Garonne； the Rhine； C？te d'Or； Ain； Loiret； Indre…et…Loire；
Indre； Loire…Inférieure and Aisne。） The letters of several prefects；
M。 de Chabroe； M。 de Tocqueville； M。 de Remusat； M。 de Barante； are
often worth publishing； occasionally； the minister of the interior has
noted with a pencil in the margin； 〃 To be shown to the King。〃
＇47＇ M。 de Villèle； ibid。； I。； 248。
＇48＇ Rocquam； 〃l'état de la France au 18 Brumaire；〃 reports of the
councilors of state sent on missions； p。40。
＇49＇ De Feville； 〃La France economique；〃 248 and 249。
＇50＇ Pelet de la Lozère； 〃Opinions de Napoléon au conseil d'Etat；〃 P。
277 （Session of March 15； 1806）。 … Decree of March 16； 1806； and of
September 15； 1807。
＇51＇ Ibid。； 276。 〃To those who objected that a tax could only be made
according to law； Napoleon replied that it was not a tax； since there
were no other taxes than those which the law established； and that
this one （the extra assessment of a quarter of the produce of timber）
was established by decree。 It is only a master； and an absolute
master； who could reason in this way。〃
＇52＇ Law of March 20； 1813。 （Woods； meadows； and pasture…grounds used
by the population in common are excepted； also buildings devoted to
public use； promenades； and public gardens。） … The law takes rural
possessions； houses and factories； rented and producing an income。
Thiers； XVI。； 279。 The five percents at this time were worth 75
francs； and 138 millions of these gave a revenue of 9 millions； about
the annual income derived by the communes from their confiscated real
estate。
＇53＇ Aucoc； ibid。； §§ 55 and 135。
CHAPTER II。 Local society since 1830。
I。 Introduction of Universal suffrage。
Local society since 1830。 … Introduction of a new internal motor。 …
Subordinate to the external motor。 … Advantageous under the system of
universal suffrage。
Neither lips nor heart are capable of pronouncing the above
invigorating and conclusive phrase after a silence of 30 years。 That
local society ought to be a private association； does not interest
those who are concerned； while the legislator does not permit it。
Indeed； after the year VIII （1799）； the State （Napoleon） introduces
into the machine the new motivation described above。 After the
revolution of 1830；＇1＇ the municipal and general councilors become
elective and are appointed by a limited suffrage； after the revolution
of 1848； they are elected by universal suffrage。＇2＇ After the
revolution of 1870；＇3＇ each municipal council elects its own mayor；
while the council…general； whose powers are enlarged； leaves in its
place； during its vacations； a standing committee who arrange with；
and govern along with； the prefect。 Here； in local society； is a
superadded internal motor； working from below； whilst the first one is