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army of individuals； from the milkman to the pig…killer； to enable you
to bribe your stomach into decent behaviour。 Why not devote a little
attention to the far more delicate machinery of the mind； especially as
you will require no extraneous aid？ It is for this portion of the art and
craft of living that I have reserved the time from the moment of quitting
your door to the moment of arriving at your office。
〃What？ I am to cultivate my mind in the street； on the platform； in the
train； and in the crowded street again？〃 Precisely。 Nothing simpler！
No tools required！ Not even a book。 Nevertheless； the affair is not easy。
When you leave your house； concentrate your mind on a subject （no
matter what； to begin with）。 You will not have gone ten yards before
your mind has skipped away under your very eyes and is larking round
the corner with another subject。
Bring it back by the scruff of the neck。 Ere you have reached the station
you will have brought it back about forty times。 Do not despair。 Continue。
Keep it up。 You will succeed。 You cannot by any chance fail if you
persevere。 It is idle to pretend that your mind is incapable of concentration。
Do you not remember that morning when you received a disquieting letter
which demanded a very carefully…worded answer？ How you kept your mind
steadily on the subject of the answer； without a second's intermission； until
you reached your office； whereupon you instantly sat down and wrote the
answer？ That was a case in which *you* were roused by circumstances to
such a degree of vitality that you were able to dominate your mind like a tyrant。
You would have no trifling。 You insisted that its work should be done； and its
work was done。
By the regular practice of concentration （as to which there is no secret
save the secret of perseverance） you can tyrannise over your mind （which
is not the highest part of *you*） every hour of the day； and in no matter
what place。 The exercise is a very convenient one。 If you got into your
morning train with a pair of dumb…bells for your muscles or an encyclopaedia
in ten volumes for your learning； you would probably excite remark。 But as
you walk in the street； or sit in the corner of the compartment behind a pipe；
or 〃strap…hang〃 on the Subterranean； who is to know that you are engaged in
the most important of daily acts？ What asinine boor can laugh at you？
I do not care what you concentrate on； so long as you concentrate。 It is the
mere disciplining of the thinking machine that counts。 But still； you may as
well kill two birds with one stone； and concentrate on something useful。 I
suggestit is only a suggestiona little chapter of Marcus Aurelius or Epictetus。
Do not； I beg； shy at their names。 For myself； I know nothing more 〃actual；〃
more bursting with plain common…sense； applicable to the daily life of plain
persons like you and me （who hate airs； pose； and nonsense） than Marcus
Aurelius or Epictetus。 Read a chapterand so short they are； the chapters！
in the evening and concentrate on it the next morning。 You will see。
Yes； my friend； it is useless for you to try to disguise the fact。 I can hear
your brain like a telephone at my ear。 You are saying to yourself： 〃This
fellow was doing pretty well up to his seventh chapter。 He had begun to
interest me faintly。 But what he says about thinking in trains； and concen…
tration； and so on； is not for me。 It may be well enough for some folks；
but it isn't in my line。〃
It is for you； I passionately repeat； it is for you。 Indeed； you are the very
man I am aiming at。
Throw away the suggestion； and you throw away the most precious
suggestion that was ever offered to you。 It is not my suggestion。 It is
the suggestion of the most sensible； practical； hard…headed men who
have walked the earth。 I only give it you at second…hand。 Try it。 Get
your mind in hand。 And see how the process cures half the evils of life
especially worry； that miserable； avoidable； shameful diseaseworry！
VIII
THE REFLECTIVE MOOD
The exercise of concentrating the mind （to which at least half an hour a
day should be given） is a mere preliminary； like scales on the piano。
Having acquired power over that most unruly member of one's complex
organism； one has naturally to put it to the yoke。 Useless to possess an
obedient mind unless one profits to the furthest possible degree by its
obedience。 A prolonged primary course of study is indicated。
Now as to what this course of study should be there cannot be any question；
there never has been any question。 All the sensible people of all ages are
agreed upon it。 And it is not literature； nor is it any other art； nor is it
history； nor is it any science。 It is the study of one's self。 Man； know
thyself。 These words are so hackneyed that verily I blush to write them。
Yet they must be written； for they need to be written。 （I take back my
blush； being ashamed of it。） Man； know thyself。 I say it out loud。 The
phrase is one of those phrases with which everyone is familiar； of which
everyone acknowledges the value； and which only the most sagacious put
into practice。 I don't know why。 I am entirely convinced that what is more
than anything else lacking in the life of the average well…intentioned man
of to…day is the reflective mood。
We do not reflect。 I mean that we do not reflect upon genuinely important
things； upon the problem of our happiness； upon the main direction in which
we are going； upon what life is giving to us； upon the share which reason has
（or has not） in determining our actions； and upon the relation between our
principles and our conduct。
And yet you are in search of happiness； are you not？ Have you discovered it？
The chances are that you have not。 The chances are that you have already
come to believe that happiness is unattainable。 But men have attained it。
And they have attained it by realising that happiness does not spring from
the procuring of physical or mental pleasure； but from the development of
reason and the adjustment of conduct to principles。
I suppose that you will not have the audacity to deny this。 And if you admit
it； and still devote no part of your day to the deliberate consideration of your
reason； principles； and conduct； you admit also that while striving for a
certain thing you are regularly leaving undone the one act which is necessary
to the attainment of that thing。
Now； shall I blush； or will you？
Do not fear that I mean to thrust certain principles upon your attention。 I care
not （in this place） what your principles are。 Your principles may induce you to
believe in the righteousness of burglary。 I don't mind。 All I urge is that a life
in which conduct does not fairly well accord with principles is a silly life； and
that conduct can only be made to accord with principles by means of daily
examination； reflection； and resolution。 What leads to the permanent sorrow…
fulness of burglars is that their principles are c