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rray； five hundred miles north of the last railroad of Alberta； on the ancient Athabasca waterway of the fur trade！
Who shall state the limit of all this expansion？ The farmer has ever found more and more land on which he could make a living； he is always taking land which his predecessor has scornfully refused。 If presently there shall come the news that the land boomer has reached the mouth of the Mackenzie Riveras long ago he reached certain portions of the Yukon and Tanana countryif it shall be said that men are now selling town lots under the Midnight Sunwhat then？ We are building a government railroad of our own almost within shadow of Mount McKinley in Alaska。 There are steamboats on all these great sub…Arctic rivers。 Perhaps； some day； a power boat may take us easily where I have stood； somewhat wearied； at that spot on the Little Bell tributary of the Porcupine； where a slab on a post said； 〃Portage Road to Ft。 McPherson〃a 〃road〃 which is not even a trail； but which crosses the most northerly of all the passes of the Rockies； within a hundred miles of the Arctic Ocean。
Land； land； more land！ It is the cry of the ages； more imperative and clamorous now than ever in the history of the world and only arrested for the time by the cataclysm of the Great War。 The earth is well…nigh occupied now。 Australia； New Zealand； Canada； even Africa； are colonization grounds。 What will be the story of the world at the end of the Great War none may predict。 For the time there will be more land left in Europe； but； unbelievably soon； the Great War will have been forgotten； and then the march of the people will be resumed toward such frontiers of the world as yet may remain。 Land； land； more land！
Always in America we have occupied the land as fast as it was feasible to do so。 We have survived incredible hardships on the mining frontier； have lived through desperate social conditions in the cow country； have fought many of our bravest battles in the Indian country。 Always it has been the frontier which has allured many of our boldest souls。 And always； just back of the frontier； advancing； receding； crossing it this way and that； succeeding and failing； hoping and despairingbut steadily advancing in the net resulthas come that portion of the population which builds homes and lives in them； and which is not content with a blanket for a bed and the sky for a roof above。
We had a frontier once。 It was our most priceless possession。 It has not been possible to eliminate from the blood of the American West； diluted though it has been by far less worthy strains； all the iron of the old home…bred frontiersmen。 The frontier has been a lasting and ineradicable influence for the good of the United States。 It was there we showed our fighting edge； our unconquerable resolution； our undying faith。 There； for a time at least； we were Americans。
We had our frontier。 We shall do ill indeed if we forget and abandon its strong lessons； its great hopes； its splendid human dreams。
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
ANDY ADAMS； 〃The Log of a Cowboy；〃 1903。 〃The Outlet；〃 1905。 Homely but excellently informing books done by a man rarely qualified for his task by long experience in the cattle business and on the trail。 Nothing better exists than Adams's several books for the man who wishes trustworthy information on the early American cattle business。
GEORGE A。 FORSYTH； 〃The Story of the Soldier；〃 1900。
GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL； 〃The Story of the Indian；〃 1895。
EMERSON HOUGH； 〃The Story of the Cowboy；〃 1897。
CHARLES HOWARD SHINN； 〃The Story of the Mine；〃 1901。
CY WARMAN； 〃The Story of the Railroad；〃 1898。 The foregoing books of Appleton's interesting series known as 〃The Story of the West〃 are valuable as containing much detailed information； done by contemporaries of wide experience。
FRANCIS PARKMAN； 〃The Oregon Trail；〃 1901； with preface by the author to the edition of 18991。 This is a reprint of the edition published in 1857 under the title 〃Prairie and Rocky Mountain Life；〃 or 〃The California and Oregon Trail；〃 and has always been held as a classic in the literature of the West。 It holds a certain amount of information regarding life on the Plains at the middle of the last century。 The original title is more accurate than the more usual one 〃The Oregon Trail；〃 as the book itself is in no sense an exclusive study of that historic highway。
COLONEL R。 B。 MARCY； U。 S。 A。； 〃Thirty Years of Army Life on the Border；〃 1866。 An admirable and very informing book done by an Army officer who was also a sportsman and a close observer of the conditions of the life about him。 One of the standard books for any library of early Western literature。
EMERSON HOUGH； 〃The Story of the Outlaw；〃 1907。 A study of the Western desperado； with historical narratives of famous outlaws； stories of noted border movements； Vigilante activities； and armed conflicts on the border。
NATHANIEL PITT LANGFORD； 〃Vigilante Days and Ways；〃 1893。 A storehouse of information done in graphic anecdotal fashion of the scenes in the early mining camps of Idaho and Montana。 Valuable as the work of a contemporary writer who took part in the scenes he describes。
JOHN C。 VAN TRAMP； 〃Prairie and Rocky Mountain Adventures or Life in the West；〃 1870。 A study of the States and territorial regions of our Western empire； embracing history； statistics； and geography； with descriptions of the chief cities of the West。 In large part a compilation of earlier Western literature。
SAMUEL BOWLES； 〃Our New West；〃 1869。 Records of travel between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean； with details regarding scenery； agriculture； mines； business； social life； etc。； including a full description of the Pacific States and studies of the 〃Mormons； Indians； and Chinese〃 at that time。
HIRAM MARTIN CHITTENDEN； 〃The American Fur Trade of the Far West；〃 1902。 The work of a distinguished Army officer。 Done with the exact care of an Army engineer。 An extraordinary collection of facts and a general view of the picturesque early industry of the fur trade； which did so much toward developing the American West。 See also his 〃History of Steamboat Navigation on the Missouri River〃 （1903）。
A。 J。 SOWELL； 〃Early Settlers and Indian Fighters of Southwest Texas；〃 1900。 A local book； but done with contemporary accuracy by a man who also studied the Texas Rangers and who was familiar with some of the earlier frontier characters of the Southwest。
The foregoing volumes are of course but a few among the many scores or hundreds which will have been read avidly by every man concerned with frontier life or with the expansion of the American people to the West。 Space lacks for a fuller list； but the foregoing readings will serve to put upon the trail of wider information any one interested in these and kindred themes。
Let especial stress again be laid upon the preeminent value of books done by contemporaries； men who wrote； upon the ground； of things which they actually saw and actually understood。 It is not always； or perhaps often； that these contemporary books achieve the place which they ought to have and hold。
Among the many books dealing with the Indians and Indian Wars； the following may