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ADVENT OF CRITICISM IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY。
PSEUDO…ISIDORE TOOK AS THE BASIS OF HIS FORGERIES A COLLECTION OF VALID
CANONS CALLED THE HISPANA GALLICA AUGUSTODUNENSIS； THUS LESSENING THE DANGER
OF DETECTION； SINCE COLLECTIONS OF CANONS WERE COMMONLY MADE BY ADDING NEW
MATTER TO OLD。 THUS HIS FORGERIES WERE LESS APPARENT WHEN INCORPORATED WITH
GENUINE MATERIAL。 THE FALSITY OF THE PSEUDO…ISIDORIAN FABRICATIONS IS NOW
INCONTESTABLY ADMITTED； BEING PROVED BY INTERNAL EVIDENCE； INVESTIGATION OF
THE SOURCES； THE METHODS USED； AND THE FACT THAT THIS MATERIAL WAS UNKNOWN
BEFORE 852。 HISTORIANS AGREE THAT
850 OR 851 IS THE MOST PROBABLE DATE FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE COLLECTION；
SINCE THE DOCUMENT IS FIRST CITED IN THE ADMONITIO OF THE CAPITULARY OF
QUIERCY； IN 857。
THE AUTHOR OF THESE FORGERIES IS NOT KNOWN。 IT IS PROBABLE THAT THEY
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EMANATED FROM THE AGGRESSIVE NEW CHURCH PARTY WHICH FORMED IN THE NINTH
CENTURY AT RHEIMS； FRANCE。 IT IS AGREED THAT BISHOP HINCMAR OF RHEIMS USED
THESE DECRETALS IN HIS DEPOSITION OF ROTHAD OF SOISSONS； WHO BROUGHT THE
DECRETALS TO ROME IN 864 AND LAID THEM BEFORE POPE NICHOLAS I。
AMONG THOSE WHO CHALLENGED THEIR AUTHENTICITY WERE NICHOLAS OF CUSA
（1401…1464）； CHARLES DUMOULIN （1500…1566）； AND GEORGE CASSENDER （1513…
1564）。 THE IRREFUTABLE PROOF OF THEIR FALSITY WAS CONVEYED BY DAVID BLONDEL；
1628。
AN EARLY EDITION IS GIVEN IN MIGNE PATROLGIA LATINA； CXXX。 FOR THE OLDEST
AND BEST MANUSCRIPT； SEE P。 HINSCHIUS； DECRETALES PSEUDO…ISIDORIANIAE AT
CAPITULA ANGILRAMNI （LEIPZIG； 1863）。 CONSULT THE NEW SCHAFF…HERZOG
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE （1950）； VOL。 9； PP。 343…345。 SEE ALSO H。
H。 MILMAN； LATIN CHRISTIANITY （VOLS。）； VOL。 3； JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON
DOLLINGER； THE POPE AND THE COUNCIL （1869）； AND KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE； A
HISTORY OF THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY （1939）； VOL。 3； THE CATHOLIC
ENCYCLOPEDIA； VOL。 5； ART。 〃FALSE DECRETALS；〃 AND FOURNIER； 〃ETUDES SURE LES
FAUSSES DECRETALS；〃 IN REVUE D'HISTORIQUE ECCLESIASTIQUE （LOUVAIN） VOL。 7
（1906）； AND VOL。 8 （1907）。
PAGE 57。 THE DICTATE OF HILDEBRAND （GREGORY VII）。FOR THE ORIGINAL LATIN
VERSION SEE BARONIUS； ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI； ANN。 1076； VOL。
17； PP。 405； 406 OF THE PARIS PRINTING OF 1869； AND THE MONUMENTA
GERMANIAE HISTORICA SELECTA； VOL。 3； P。 17。 FOR AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION SEE
FREDERIC A。 OGG； SOURCE BOOK OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY （NEW YORK： AMERICAN BOOK
CO。； 1907）； CH。 6； SEC。 45； PP。 262…264； AND OLIVER J。 THATCHER AND EDGAR H。
MCNEAL； SOURCE BOOK FOR MEDIEVAL HISTORY （NEW YORK： CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS；
1905）； SEC。 3； ITEM 65； PP。 136…139。
FOR A DISCUSSION OF THE BACKGROUND OF THE DICTATE； SEE JAMES BRYCE； THE HOLY
ROMAN EMPIRE； REV。 ED。； CH。 10； AND JAMES W。 THOMPSON AND EDGAR N。 JOHNSON；
AN INTRODUCTION TO MEDIEVAL EUROPE； 300…1500； PAGES 377…380。
PAGE 59。 PURGATORY。DR。 JOSEPH FAA DI BRUNO THUS DEFINES PURGATORY：
〃PURGATORY IS A STATE OF SUFFERING AFTER THIS LIFE； IN WHICH THOSE SOULS ARE
FOR A TIME DETAINED； WHO DEPART THIS LIFE AFTER THEIR DEADLY SINS HAVE BEEN
REMITTED AS TO THE STAIN AND GUILT； AND AS TO THE EVERLASTING PAIN THAT WAS
DUE TO THEM； BUT WHO HAVE ON ACCOUNT OF THOSE SINS STILL SOME DEBT OF
TEMPORAL PUNISHMENT TO PAY； AS ALSO THOSE SOULS WHICH LEAVE THIS WORLD
GUILTY ONLY OF VENIAL SINS。〃CATHOLIC BELIEF （1884 ED。； IMPRIMATUR
ARCHBISHOP OF NEW YORK）； PAGE 196。
SEE ALSO K。 R。 HAGENBACH； COMPENDIUM OF THE HISTORY OF DOCTRINES （T。 AND T。
CLARK ED。） VOL。 1； PP。 234…237； 405； 408； VOL。 2； PP。 135…150；
308； 309； CHARLES ELLIOTT； DELINEATION OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM； B。 2；
CH。 12； THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA； VOL。 12； ART。 〃PURGATORY。〃
PAGE 59。 INDULGENCES。FOR A DETAILED HISTORY OF THE DOCTRINE OF INDULGENCES
SEE MANDELL CREIGHTON； A HISTORY OF THE PAPACY FROM THE GREAT
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SCHISM TO THE SACK OF ROME （LONDON： LONGMANS； GREEN AND CO。； 1911）； VOL。 5；
PP。 56…64； 71； W。H。 KENT； 〃INDULGENCES；〃 THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA； VOL。 7；
PP。 783…789； H。 C。 LEA； A HISTORY OF AURICULAR CONFESSION AND INDULGENCES IN
THE LATIN CHURCH （PHILADELPHIA： LEA BROTHERS AND CO。； 1896）； THOMAS M。
LINDSAY； A HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION （NEW YORK； CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS；
1917）； VOL。 1； PP。
216…227； ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN； A MANUAL OF CHURCH HISTORY
（PHILADELPHIA： THE AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY； 1953）； VOL。 2； PP。
53； 54； 62； LEOPOLD RANKE； HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY （2D
LONDON ED。； 1845）； TRANSLATED BY SARAH AUSTIN； VOL。 1； PP。 331； 335…337；
343…346； PRESERVED SMITH； THE AGE OF THE REFORMATION （NEW YORK： HENRY
HOLT AND COMPANY； 1920）； PP。 23…25； 66。
ON THE PRACTICAL OUTWORKINGS OF THE DOCTRINE OF INDULGENCES DURING THE
PERIOD OF THE REFORMATION SEE A PAPER BY DR。 H。 C。 LEA； ENTITLED；
〃INDULGENCES IN SPAIN；〃 PUBLISHED IN PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
CHURCH HISTORY； VOL。 1； PP。 129…171。 OF THE VALUE OF THIS HISTORICAL
SIDELIGHT DR。 LEA SAYS IN HIS OPENING PARAGRAPH： 〃UNVEXED BY THE CONTROVERSY
WHICH RAGED BETWEEN LUTHER AND DR。 ECK AND SILVESTER PRIERIAS； SPAIN
CONTINUED TRANQUILLY TO FOLLOW IN THE OLD AND BEATEN PATH； AND FURNISHES US
WITH THE INCONTESTABLE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS WHICH ENABLE US TO EXAMINE THE
MATTER IN THE PURE LIGHT OF HISTORY。〃
PAGE 59。 THE MASS。FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE MASS AS SET FORTH AT THE COUNCIL
OF TRENT SEE THE CANONS AND DECREES OF THE COUNCIL OF TRENT IN PHILIP
SCHAFF； CREEDS OF CHRISTENDOM； VOL。 2； PP。 126…139； WHERE BOTH LATIN AND
ENGLISH TEXTS ARE GIVEN。 SEE ALSO H。 G。 SCHROEDER； CANONS AND DECREES OF THE
COUNCIL OF TRENT （ST。 LOUIS； MISSOURI： B。 HERDER； 1941）。
FOR A DISCUSSION OF THE MASS SEE THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA； VOL
5； ART。 〃EUCHARIST；〃 BY JOSEPH POHLE； PAGE 572 FF。； NIKOLAUS GIHR； HOLY
SACRIFICE OF THE MASS； DOGMATICALLY； LITURGICALLY； ASCETICALLY EXPLAINED；
12TH ED。 （ST。 LOUIS； MISSOURI： B。 HERDER； 1937）； JOSEF ANDREAS JUNGMANN； THE
MASS OF THE ROMAN RITE； ITS ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT； TRANSLATED FROM THE
GERMAN BY FRANCIS A。 BRUNNER （NEW YORK： BENZIGER BROS。； 1951）。 FOR THE
NON…CATHOLIC VIEW； SEE JOHN CALVIN； INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION； B。
4； CHS。 17； 18； AND EDWARD BOUVERIE PUSEY； THE DOCTRINE OF THE REAL PRESENCE
（OXFORD； ENGLAND： JOHN H。 PARKER； 1855）。
PAGE 65。 THE SABBATH AMONG THE WALDENSES。THERE ARE WRITERS WHO HAVE
MAINTAINED THAT THE WALDENSES MADE A GENERAL PRACTICE OF OBSERVING THE
SEVENTH…DAY SABBATH。 THIS CONCEPT AROSE FROM SOURCES WHICH IN THE ORIGINAL
LATIN DESCRIBE THE WALDENSES AS KEEPING THE DIES DOMINICALIS； OR LORD'S DAY
（SUNDAY）； BUT IN WHICH THROUGH A PRACTICE WHICH DATES FROM THE REFORMATION；
THE WORD FOR 〃SUNDAY〃 HAS BEEN TRANSLATED 〃SABBATH。〃
BUT THERE IS HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF SOME OBSERVANCE OF THE SEVENTH…DAY
SABBATH AMONG THE WALDENSES。 A REPORT OF AN INQUISITION BEFORE WHOM WERE
BROUGHT SOME WALDENSES OF MORAVIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
DECLARES THAT AMONG THE WALDENSES 〃NOT A FEW INDEED CELEBRATE THE
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SABBATH WITH THE JEWS。〃JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON DOLLINGER； BEITRAGE ZUR
SEKTENGESCHICHTE DES MITTELALTERS （REPORTS ON THE HISTORY OF THE SECTS OF
THE MIDDLE AGES）； MUNI