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MENDHAM； THE SEVENTH GENERAL COUNCIL； THE SECOND OF NICAEA； INTRODUCTION；
PAGES III…VI。
FOR A RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS AND DECISIONS OF THE SECOND COUNCIL OF
NICAEA； A。D。 787； CALLED TO ESTABLISH THE WORSHIP OF IMAGES； SEE BARONIUS；
ECCLESIASTICAL ANNALS； VOL。 9； PP。 391…407 （ANTWERP； 1612）； J。 MENDHAM； THE
SEVENTH GENERAL COUNCIL； THE SECOND OF NICAEA； ED。 STILLINGFLEET； DEFENSE OF
THE DISCOURSE CONCERNING THE IDOLATRY PRACTICED IN THE CHURCH OF ROME
（LONDON； 1686）； A SELECT LIBRARY OF NICENE AND POST…NICENE FATHERS； 2D
SERIES； VOL。 14； PP。 521…587 （NEW YORK； 1900）； CHARLES J。 HEFELE； A HISTORY
OF THE COUNCILS OF THE CHURCH； FROM THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS； B。 18； CH。 1；
SECS。 332； 333； CH。 2； SECS。
345…352 （T。 AND T。 CLARK ED。； 1896）； VOL。 5； PP。 260…304； 342…372。
PAGE 53。 THE SUNDAY LAW OF CONSTANTINE。THE LAW ISSUED BY THE EMPEROR
CONSTANTINE ON THE SEVENTH OF MARCH； A。D。 321； REGARDING A DAY OF REST FROM
LABOR； READS THUS：
〃ALL JUDGES AND CITY PEOPLE AND THE CRAFTSMEN SHALL REST UPON THE VENERABLE
DAY OF THE SUN。 COUNTRY PEOPLE； HOWEVER； MAY FREELY ATTEND TO THE
CULTIVATION OF THE FIELDS； BECAUSE IT FREQUENTLY HAPPENS THAT NO OTHER DAYS
ARE BETTER ADAPTED FOR PLANTING THE GRAIN IN THE FURROWS OR THE VINES IN
TRENCHES。 SO THAT THE ADVANTAGE GIVEN BY HEAVENLY PROVIDENCE MAY NOT FOR THE
OCCASION OF A SHORT TIME PERISH。〃JOSEPH CULLEN AYER； A SOURCE BOOK FOR
ANCIENT CHURCH HISTORY （NEW YORK： CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS； 1913）； DIV。 2；
PER。 1； CH。 1； SEC。 59； G； PP。 284； 285。
THE LATIN ORIGINAL IS IN THE CODEX JUSTINIANI （CODEX OF JUSTINIAN）； LIB。 3；
681
TITLE 12； LEX。 3。 THE LAW IS GIVEN IN LATIN AND IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN
PHILIP SCHAFF'S HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH； VOL。 3； 3D PERIOD； CH。 7；
SEC。 75； P。 380； FOOTNOTE 1； AND IN JAMES A。 HESSEY'S BAMPTON LECTURES；
SUNDAY； LECTURE 3； PAR。 1； 3D ED。； MURRAY'S PRINTING OF 1866； P。 58。 SEE
DISCUSSION IN SCHAFF； AS ABOVE REFERRED TO； IN ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN； A MANUAL
OF CHURCH HISTORY （PHILADELPHIA： THE AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY；
PRINTING OF 1933）； REV。 ED。； VOL。 1； PP。
305…307； AND IN LEROY E。 FROOM； THE PROPHETIC FAITH OF OUR FATHERS
（WASHINGTON； D。C。： REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN。； 1950）； VOL。 1； PP
376…381。
PAGE 54。 PROPHETIC DATES。AN IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE IN PROPHETIC
INTERPRETATION IN CONNECTION WITH TIME PROPHECIES IS THE YEAR…DAY PRINCIPLE；
UNDER WHICH A DAY OF PROPHETIC TIME IS COUNTED AS A CALENDAR YEAR OF
HISTORIC TIME。 BEFORE THE ISRAELITES ENTERED THE LAND OF CANAAN THEY SENT
TWELVE SPIES AHEAD TO INVESTIGATE。 THE SPIES WERE GONE FORTY DAYS； AND UPON
THEIR RETURN THE HEBREWS； FRIGHTENED AT THEIR REPORT； REFUSED TO GO UP AND
OCCUPY THE PROMISED LAND。 THE RESULT WAS A SENTENCE THE LORD PASSED UPON
THEM： 〃AFTER THE NUMBER OF THE DAYS IN WHICH YE SEARCHED THE LAND； EVEN
FORTY DAYS； EACH DAY FOR A YEAR； SHALL YE BEAR YOUR INIQUITIES； EVEN FORTY
YEARS。〃 NUMBERS 14：34。 A SIMILAR METHOD OF COMPUTING FUTURE TIME IS
INDICATED THROUGH THE PROPHET EZEKIEL。 FORTY YEARS OF PUNISHMENT FOR
INIQUITIES AWAITED THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH。 THE LORD SAID THROUGH THE PROPHET：
〃LIE AGAIN ON THY RIGHT SIDE； AND THOU SHALT BEAR THE INIQUITY OF THE HOUSE
OF JUDAH FORTY DAYS： I HAVE APPOINTED THEE EACH DAY FOR A YEAR。〃 EZEKIEL
4：6。 THIS YEAR…DAY PRINCIPLE HAS AN IMPORTANT APPLICATION IN INTERPRETING
THE TIME OF THE PROPHECY OF THE 〃TWO THOUSAND AND THREE HUNDRED EVENINGS AND
MORNINGS〃 （DANIEL 8：14； R。V。） AND THE
1260…DAY PERIOD； VARIOUSLY INDICATED AS 〃A TIME AND TIMES AND THE DIVIDING
OF TIME〃 （DANIEL 7：25）； THE 〃FORTY AND TWO MONTHS〃 （REVELATION 11：2； 13：5）；
AND THE 〃THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND THREESCORE DAYS〃 （REVELATION 11：3； 12：6）。
PAGE 56。 FORGED WRITINGS。AMONG THE DOCUMENTS THAT AT THE PRESENT TIME ARE
GENERALLY ADMITTED TO BE FORGERIES； THE DONATION OF CONSTANTINE AND THE
PSEUDO…ISIDORIAN DECRETALS ARE OF PRIMARY IMPORTANCE。 〃THE 'DONATION OF
CONSTANTINE' IS THE NAME TRADITIONALLY APPLIED； SINCE THE LATER MIDDLE AGES；
TO A DOCUMENT PURPORTING TO HAVE BEEN ADDRESSED BY CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO
POPE SYLVESTER I； WHICH IS FOUND FIRST IN A PARISIAN MANUSCRIPT （CODEX LAT。
2777） OF PROBABLY THE BEGINNING OF THE NINTH CENTURY。 SINCE THE ELEVENTH
CENTURY IT HAS BEEN USED AS A POWERFUL ARGUMENT IN FAVOR OF THE PAPAL
CLAIMS； AND CONSEQUENTLY SINCE THE TWELFTH IT HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF A
VIGOROUS CONTROVERSY。 AT THE SAME TIME； BY RENDERING IT POSSIBLE TO REGARD
THE PAPACY AS A MIDDLE TERM BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL AND THE MEDIEVAL ROMAN
EMPIRE； AND THUS TO FORM A THEORETICAL BASIS OF CONTINUITY FOR THE RECEPTION
OF THE ROMAN LAW IN THE MIDDLE AGES； IT HAS HAD NO SMALL INFLUENCE UPON
SECULAR HISTORY。〃THE NEW
682
SCHAFF…HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE； VOL。 3； ART。 〃DONATION OF
CONSTANTINE；〃 PP。 484； 485。
THE HISTORICAL THEORY DEVELOPED IN THE 〃DONATION〃 IS FULLY DISCUSSED IN
HENRY E。 CARDINAL MANNING'S THE TEMPORAL POWER OF THE VICAR OF JESUS CHRIST；
LONDON； 1862。 THE ARGUMENTS OF THE 〃DONATION〃 WERE OF A SCHOLASTIC TYPE； AND
THE POSSIBILITY OF A FORGERY WAS NOT MENTIONED UNTIL THE RISE OF HISTORICAL
CRITICISM IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY。 NICHOLAS OF CUSA WAS AMONG THE FIRST TO
CONCLUDE THAT CONSTANTINE NEVER MADE ANY SUCH DONATION。 LORENZA VALLA IN
ITALY GAVE A BRILLIANT DEMONSTRATION OF ITS SPURIOUSNESS IN 1450。 SEE
CHRISTOPHER B。 COLEMAN'S TREATISE OF LORENZO VALLA ON THE DONATION OF
CONSTANTINE （NEW YORK； 1927）。 FOR A CENTURY LONGER； HOWEVER； THE BELIEF IN
THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE 〃DONATION〃 AND OF THE FALSE DECRETALS WAS KEPT
ALIVE。 FOR EXAMPLE； MARTIN LUTHER AT FIRST ACCEPTED THE DECRETALS； BUT HE
SOON SAID TO ECK： 〃I IMPUGN THESE DECRETALS；〃 AND TO SPALATIN： 〃HE ＇THE
POPE＇ DOES IN HIS DECRETALS CORRUPT AND CRUCIFY CHRIST； THAT IS； THE TRUTH。〃
IT IS DEEMED ESTABLISHED THAT THE 〃DONATION〃 IS （1） A FORGERY； （2） THE WORK
OF ONE MAN OR PERIOD； （3） THE FORGER HAS MADE USE OF OLDER DOCUMENTS； （4）
THE FORGERY ORIGINATED AROUND 752 AND 778。 AS FOR THE CATHOLICS； THEY
ABANDONED THE DEFENSE OF THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE DOCUMENT WITH BARONIUS；
ECCLESIASTICAL ANNALS； IN 1592。 CONSULT FOR THE BEST TEXT； K。 ZEUMER； IN THE
FESTGABE FUR RUDOLF VON GNEIST （BERLIN； 1888）。 TRANSLATED IN COLEMAN'S
TREATISE； REFERRED TO ABOVE； AND IN ERNEST F。 HENDERSON； SELECT HISTORICAL
DOCUMENTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES （NEW YORK； 1892）； P。
319； BRIEFWECHSEL （WEIMAR ED。）； PP。 141； 161。 SEE ALSO THE NEW
SCHAFF…HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE （1950）； VOL。 3； P。
484； F。 GREGOROVIUS； ROME IN THE MIDDLE AGES； VOL。 2； P。 329； AND
JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON DOLLINGER； FABLES RESPECTING THE POPES OF THE MIDDLE
AGES （LONDON； 1871）。
THE 〃FALSE WRITINGS〃 REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT INCLUDE ALSO THE
PSEUDO…ISIDORIAN DECRETALS； TOGETHER WITH OTHER FORGERIES。 THE
PSEUDO…ISIDORIAN DECRETALS ARE CERTAIN FICTITIOUS LETTERS ASCRIBED TO EARLY
POPES FROM CLEMENT （A。D。 100） TO GREGORY THE GREAT （A。D。 600）； INCORPORATED
IN A NINTH CENTURY COLLECTION PURPORTING TO HAVE BEEN MADE BY 〃ISIDORE
MERCATOR。〃 THE NAME 〃PSEUDO…ISIDORIAN DECRETALS〃 HAS BEEN IN USE SINCE THE
ADVENT OF CRITICISM IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY。
PSEUDO…ISIDORE TOOK AS THE BASIS OF HI