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usages and things they do not understand； embodied itself in this conception of a malignant and partisan Deity； perpetually 〃upset〃 by the little things people did； and contriving murder and vengeance。 Now this God would be drowning everybody in the world； now he would be burning Sodom and Gomorrah； now he would be inciting his congenial Israelites to the most terrific pogroms。 This divine 〃frightfulness〃 is of course the natural human dislike and distrust for queer practices or for too sunny a carelessness； a dislike reinforced by the latent fierceness of the ape in us； liberating the latent fierceness of the ape in us； giving it an excuse and pressing permission upon it； handing the thing hated and feared over to its secular arm。 。 。 。 * It is not so generally understood as it should be among English and American readers that a very large proportion of early Christians before the creeds established and regularised the doctrine of the Trinity； denied absolutely that Jehovah was God； they regarded Christ as a rebel against Jehovah and a rescuer of humanity from him； just as Prometheus was a rebel against Jove。 These beliefs survived for a thousand years tbroughout Christendom： they were held by a great multitude of persecuted sects； from the Albigenses and Cathars to the eastern Paulicians。 The catholic church found it necessary to prohibit the circulation of the Old Testament among laymen very largely on account of the polemics of the Cathars against the Hebrew God。 But in this book； be it noted； the word Christian； when it is not otherwise defined； is used to indicate only the Trinitarians who accept the official creeds。 It is a human paradox that the desire for seemliness； the instinct for restraints and fair disciplines； and the impulse to cherish sweet familiar things； that these things of the True God should so readily liberate cruelty and tyranny。 It is like a woman going with a light to tend and protect her sleeping child； and setting the house on fire。 None the less； right down to to…day； the heresy of God the Revengeful； God the Persecutor and Avenger； haunts religion。 It is only in quite recent years that the growing gentleness of everyday life has begun to make men a little ashamed of a Deity less tolerant and gentle than themselves。 The recent literature of the Anglicans abounds in the evidence of this trouble。 Bishop Colenso of Natal was prosecuted and condemned in 1863 for denying the irascibility of his God and teaching 〃the Kaffirs of Natal〃 the dangerous heresy that God is all mercy。 〃We cannot allow it to be said；〃 the Dean of Cape Town insisted； 〃that God was not angry and was not appeased by punishment。〃 He was angry 〃on account of Sin； which is a great evil and a great insult to His Majesty。〃 The case of the Rev。 Charles Voysey； which occurred in 1870； was a second assertion of the Church's insistence upon the fierceness of her God。 This case is not to be found in the ordinary church histories nor is it even mentioned in the latest edition of the ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA； nevertheless it appears to have been a very illuminating case。 It is doubtful if the church would prosecute or condemn either Bishop Colenso or Mr。 Voysey to…day。
7。 GOD AND THE NURSERY…MAID
Closely related to the Heresy of God the Avenger； is that kind of miniature God the Avenger； to whom the nursery…maid and the overtaxed parent are so apt to appeal。 You stab your children with such a God and he poisons all their lives。 For many of us the word 〃God〃 first came into our lives to denote a wanton； irrational restraint； as Bogey； as the All…Seeing and quite ungenerous Eye。 God Bogey is a great convenience to the nursery…maid who wants to leave Fear to mind her charges and enforce her disciplines； while she goes off upon her own aims。 But indeed； the teaching of God Bogey is an outrage upon the soul of a child scarcely less dreadful than an indecent assault。 The reason rebels and is crushed under this horrible and pursuing suggestion。 Many minds never rise again from their injury。 They remain for the rest of life spiritually crippled and debased； haunted by a fear； stained with a persuasion of relentless cruelty in the ultimate cause of all things。 I； who write； was so set against God； thus rendered。 He and his Hell were the nightmare of my childhood； I hated him while I still believed in him； and who could help but hate？ I thought of him as a fantastic monster； perpetually spying； perpetually listening； perpetually waiting to condemn and to 〃strike me dead〃； his flames as ready as a grill…room fire。 He was over me and about my feebleness and silliness and forgetfulness as the sky and sea would be about a child drowning in mid…Atlantic。 When I was still only a child of thirteen； by the grace of the true God in me； I flung this Lie out of my mind； and for many years； until I came to see that God himself had done this thing for me； the name of God meant nothing to me but the hideous scar in my heart where a fearful demon had been。 I see about me to…day many dreadful moral and mental cripples with this bogey God of the nursery…maid； with his black； insane revenges； still living like a horrible parasite in their hearts in the place where God should be。 They are afraid； afraid； afraid； they dare not be kindly to formal sinners； they dare not abandon a hundred foolish observances； they dare not look at the causes of things。 They are afraid of sunshine； of nakedness； of health； of adventure； of science； lest that old watching spider take offence。 The voice of the true God whispers in their hearts； echoes in speech and writing； but they avert themselves； fear…driven。 For the true God has no lash of fear。 And how the foul…minded bigot； with his ill…shaven face； his greasy skin； his thick； gesticulating hands； his bellowings and threatenings； loves to reap this harvest of fear the ignorant cunning of the nursery girl has sown for him！ How he loves the importance of denunciation； and； himself a malignant cripple； to rally the company of these crippled souls to persecute and destroy the happy children of God！ 。 。 。 Christian priestcraft turns a dreadful face to children。 There is a real wickedness of the priest that is different from other wickedness； and that affects a reasonable mind just as cruelty and strange perversions of instinct affect it。 Let a former Archbishop of Canterbury speak for me。 This that follows is the account given by Archbishop Tait in a debate in the Upper House of Convocation （July 3rd； 1877） of one of the publications of a certain SOCIETY OF THE HOLY CROSS：
〃I take this book； as its contents show； to be meant for the instruction of very young children。 I find； in one of the pages of it； the statement that between the ages of six and six and a half years would be the proper time for the inculcation of the teaching which is to be found in the book。 Now； six to six and a half is certainly a very tender age； and to these children I find these statements addressed in the book：
〃'It is to the priest； and to the priest only； that the child must acknowledge his sins； if he desires that God s