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science of logic-第81章

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unattained goal; each; therefore; is a synthesis of endeavour; and has; but equally has not; the
Idea in it; each passes from one thought to the other without bringing the two together; and so
remains fixed in their contradiction。 The absolute Idea; as the rational Notion that in its reality
meets only with itself; is by virtue of this immediacy of its objective identity; on the one hand the
return to life; but it has no less sublated this form of its immediacy; and contains within itself the
highest degree of opposition。 The Notion is not merely soul but free subjective Notion that is for
itself and therefore possesses personality … the practical; objective Notion determined in and for
itself which; as person; is impenetrable atomic individuality; but explicitly universality and
cognition; and in its other has its own objectivity for its object。 All else is error; confusion;
opinion; endeavour; caprice and transitoriness; the absolute Idea alone is being; imperishable life;
self…knowing truth; and is all truth。 

It is the sole subject matter and content of philosophy。 Since it contains all determinations within it;
and its essential nature is to return to itself through its self…determination or particularisation; it has
various shapes; and the business of philosophy is to cognise it in these。 Nature and spirit are in
general different modes of presenting its existence; art and religion its different modes of
apprehending itself and giving itself an adequate existence。 Philosophy has the same content and
the same end as art and religion; but it is the highest mode of apprehending the absolute idea;
because its mode is the highest mode; the Notion。 

Hence it embraces those shapes of real and ideal finitude as well as of infinitude and cognition of
these particular modes is now the further business of the particular philosophical sciences。 

The logical aspect of the absolute Idea may also be called a mode of it; but whereas mode
signifies a particular kind; a determinateness of form; the logical aspect; on the contrary; is the
universal mode in which all particular modes are sublated and enfolded。 The logical Idea os the
Idea itself in its pure essence; the Idea enclosed in simple identity within its Notion prior to its
immediate reflection in a form…determinateness。 

Hence logic exhibits the self…movement of the absolute Idea only as original word; which is an
outwardising or utterance; but an utterance that in being has immediately vanished again as
something outer; the Idea is; therefore; only in this self…determination of apprehending itself; it is
in pure thought; in which difference is not yet otherness; but is and remains perfectly transparent
to itself。 Thus the logical Idea has itself as the infinite form for its content … form which constitutes
the opposite to content to this extent that the content is the form…determination withdrawn into
itself and sublated in the identity in such a manner that this concrete identity stands opposed to the
identity explicated as form; the content has the shape of an other and a datum as against the form
which as such stands simply in relation; and its determinateness is at the same time posited as an
illusory being。 More exactly; the determination is its own completed totality; the pure Notion。 Now
the determinateness of the Idea and the entire course followed by this determinateness has
constituted the subject matter of the science of logic; from which course the absolute Idea itself
has issued into an existence of its own; but the nature of this existence has shown itself to be this;
that determinateness does not have the shape of content; but exists wholly as form; and that
accordingly the Idea is the absolutely universal Idea。 Therefore what remains to be considered
here is not a content as such; but the universal aspect of its form … that is; the method。 

Method may appear at first as the mere manner peculiar to the process of cognition; and as a
matter of fact it has the nature of such。 But the peculiar manner; as method; is not merely a
modality of being determined in and for itself; it is a modality of cognition; and as such is
posited as determined by the Notion and as form; in so far as the form is the soul of all objectivity
and all otherwise determined content has its truth in the form alone。 

If the content again is assumed as given to the method and of a peculiar nature of its own; then in
such a determination method; as with the logical element in general; is a merely external form。
Against this however we can appeal not only to the fundamental Notion of the science of logic; its
entire course; in which all possible shapes of a given content and of objects came up for
consideration; has demonstrated their transition and untruth; also that not merely was it impossible
for a given object to be the foundation to which the absolute form stood in a merely external and
contingent relationship but that; on the contrary; the absolute form has proved itself to be the
absolute foundation and ultimate truth。 From this course the method has emerged as the
self…knowing Notion that has itself; as the absolute; both subjective and objective; for its
subject matter; consequently as the pure correspondence of the Notion and its reality; as a
concrete that is the Notion itself。 

Accordingly; what is to be considered here as method is only the movement of the Notion itself;
the nature of which movement has already been cognised; but first; there is now the added
significance that the Notion is everything; and its movement is the universal absolute activity;
the self…determining and self…realising movement。 The method is therefore to be recognised as the
unrestrictedly universal; internal and external mode; and as the absolutely infinite force; to which no
object; presenting itself as something external; remote from and independent of reason; could offer
resistance or be of a particular nature in opposition to it; or could not be penetrated by it。 It is
therefore soul and substance; and anything whatever is comprehended and known in its truth only
when it is completely subjugated to the method; it is the method proper to every subject matter
because its activity is the Notion。 This is also the truer meaning if its universality; according to the
universality of reflection it is regarded merely as the method for everything; but according to the
universality of the Idea; it is both the manner peculiar to cognition; to the subjectively selfknowing
Notion; and also the objective manner; or rather the substantiality; of things … that is of Notions;
in so far as they appear primarily to representation and reflection as others。 It is therefore not
only the highest force; or rather the sole and absolute force of reason; but also its supreme and
sole urge to find and cognise itself by means of itself in everything。 Here; secondly; is indicated
the difference of the method from the Notion as such; the particular aspect of the method。 The
Notion; when it was considered by itself; appeared in its immediacy; the reflection; or the Notion
that considered it; fell within our knowing。 

The method is this knowing itself
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