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outside it that must give itself this trouble。
Kant's Critique of Rational Psychology
A The Idea of the True
The subjective Idea is in the first instance an urge。 For it is the contradiction of the Notion to have
itself for object and to be its own reality； yet without the object being an other； that is；
self…subsistent over against it； or without the difference of the Notion from itself possessing at the
same time the essential determination of diversity and indifferent existence。 The specific nature of
this urge is therefore to sublate its own subjectivity； to make its first； abstract reality into a concrete
one and to fill it with the content of the world presupposed by its subjectivity。
From the other side； this urge is determined in the following manner： the Notion is； it is true； the
absolute certainty of itself； but its being…for…self is confronted by its presupposition of a world
having the form of implicit being； but a world whose indifferent otherness has for the
self…certainty of the Notion the value merely of an unessentiality； it is thus the urge to sublate this
otherness and to intuit in the object its identity with itself。 This reflection…into self is the sublated
opposition； and the individuality which initially appears as the presupposed implicit being of a
world is now posited as individuality and made actual for the subject； accordingly the
reflection…into…self is the self…identity of the form restored out of the opposition … an identity that is
therefore determined as indifferent to the form in its distinctiveness and is content。
This urge is therefore the urge to truth in so far as truth is in cognition； accordingly to truth in its
proper sense as theoretical Idea。 Objective truth is no doubt the Idea itself as the reality that
corresponds to the Notion； and to this extent an object may or may not possess truth； but； on the
other hand； the more precise meaning of truth is that it is truth for or in the subjective Notion； in
knowing。 It is the relation of the Notion judgement which showed itself to be the formal
judgement of truth； in it； namely； the predicate is not merely the objectivity of the Notion； but the
relating comparison of the Notion of the subject…matter with its actuality。 This realisation of the
Notion is theoretical in so far as the Notion； as form； has still the determination of subjectivity； or
has still the determination for the subject of being its own determination。 Because cognition is the
Idea as end as subjective； the negation of the world presupposed as an implicit being is the first
negation； therefore also the conclusion in which the objective is posited in the subjective； has at
first only this meaning； that the implicit being is only posited in the form of subjectivity； or in the
Notion determination； and for this reason is not； in that form； in and for itself。 Thus the conclusion
only attains to a neutral unity or a synthesis； that is； to a unity of things that are originally separate
and only are externally so conjoined。 Since therefore in this cognition the Notion posits the object
as its own； the Idea in the first instance only gives itself a content whose basis is given； and in
which only the form of externality has been sublated。
Accordingly； this cognition still retains its finitude in its realised end； in its realised end it has at the
same time not attained its end； and in its truth has not yet arrived at truth。 For in so far as in the
result the content still has the character of a datum； the presupposed implicit being confronting
the Notion is not sublated； equally therefore the unity of Notion and reality； truth； is also not
contained in it。 Oddly enough； it is his side of finitude that latterly has been clung to； and accepted
as the absolute relation of cognition … as though the finite as such was supposed to be the
absolute！ At this standpoint； the object is credited with being an unknown thing…in…itself behind
cognition； and this character of the object； and with it truth too is regarded as an absolute beyond
for cognition。 In this view of cognition； thought determinations in general； the categories； reflective
determinations； as well as the for Notion and its moments are assigned the position of being finite
determinations not in and for themselves； but finite in the sense that they are subjective in rely on to
this empty thing…in…itself； the fallacy of taking this untrue relation of cognition as the true relation
has become the universal opinion of modern times。
From this determination of finite cognition it is immediately evident that it is a contradiction that
sublates itself … the contradiction of a truth that at the same time is supposed not to be truth … of a
cognition of what is； which at the same time does not cognise the thing…in…itself。 In the collapse of
this contradiction； its content； subjective cognition and the thing…in…itself； collapses； that is； proves
itself an untruth。 But cognition must； in the course of its own movement； resolve its finitude and
with it its contradiction； this examination of it made by us is an external reflection； but cognition is
itself the Notion； the Notion that is its own end and therefore through its realisation fulfils itself； and
in this very fulfilment sublates its subjectivity and the presupposed implicit being。 We have
therefore to consider cognition in its own self in its positive activity。 Since this Idea is； as we have
seen； the urge of the Notion to realise itself for itself； its activity consists in determining the object；
and by this determining to relate itself in the object identically to itself。 The object is in general
something simply determinable； and in the Idea it has this essential side of not being in and for itself
opposed to the Notion。 Because cognition is still finite； not speculative； cognition； the presupposed
objectivity has not as yet for it the shape of something that is in its own self simply and solely the
Notion and that contains nothing with a particularity of its own as against the latter。
But the fact that it counts as an implicit beyond； necessarily implies that its determinability by the
Notion is a determination it possesses essentially； for the Idea is the Notion that exists for itself； is
that which is absolutely infinite within itself； in which the object is implicitly sublated and the end is
now solely to sublate it explicitly。 Hence； though the object is presupposed by the Idea of
cognition as possessing an implicit being； yet it is essentially in a relationship where the Idea；
certain of itself and of the nullity of this opposition； comes to the realisation of its Notion in the
object。
In the syllogism whereby the subjective Idea now unites itself with objectivity； the first premise is
the same form of immediate seizure and relation of the Notion to the object that we saw in the
relation of end。 The determining activity of the Notion upon the object is an immediate
communication of itself to the object and unresisted pervasion of the latter by the Notion。 In this
process the Notion remains in pure identity with itself； but this its immediate reflection…into…self has
equally the det