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conditions； or from essence and its reflection。 It is therefore in itself what actuality is； real
reflection； but it is not yet the posited unity of reflection and immediacy。 Existence therefore
passes over into appearance in that it develops the reflection which it contains。
It is the ground that has fallen to the ground； its determination is the restoration of the ground； thus
it becomes essential relation and its final reflection is the positing of its immediacy as
reflection…into…self； and conversely； now this unity in which Existence or immediacy； and the
in…itself； the ground or the reflected are simply moments； is actuality。 The actual is therefore
manifestation； it is not drawn into the sphere of alteration by its externality； nor is it the
reflecting of itself in an other； but it manifests itself； that is； in its externality it is itself and is itself
in that alone； namely only as a self…distinguishing and self…determining movement。
Now in actuality as this absolute form； the moments are only as sublated or formal； not yet
realised； their difference thus belongs at first to external reflection and is not determined as content。
Actuality as itself the immediate form…unity of inner and outer is thus in the determination of
immediacy over against the determination of reflection…into…self； or it is an actuality as against a
possibility。 Their relation to each other is the third term； the actual determined equally as a being
reflected into itself； and this at the same time as a being existing immediately。 This third term is
necessity。
But first of all； since the actual and the possible are formal differences； their relation is
likewise merely formal and consist only in the fact that the one like the other is a positedness； or
in contingency。
Now since in contingency； the actual as well as the possible is positedness； they have received
determination in themselves； the actual thereby becomes； secondly； real actuality and with it
equally emerges real possibility and relative necessity。
Thirdly； the reflection of relative necessity into itself yields absolute necessity； which is absolute
possibility and actuality。
A Contingency； or Formal Actuality； Possibility and Necessity
B Relative Necessity； or Real Actuality； Possibility and Necessity
C Absolute Necessity
Chapter 3 The Absolute Relation
A The Relation of Substantiality
B The Relation of Causality
（a） Formal Causality
（b） The Determinate Relation of Causality
（c） Action and Reaction
C Reciprocity
In finite causality it is substances that are actively related to each other。 Mechanism consists in
this externality of causality； where the reflection of the cause into itself in its effect is at the same
time a repelling being； or where； in the self…identity which the causal substance has in its effect；
the cause equally remains something immediately external to it； and the effect has passed over
into another substance。 Now； in reciprocity this mechanism is sublated； for it contains first the
vanishing of that original persistence of the immediate substantiality； and secondly the
coming…to…be of the cause； and hence originativeness as self…mediating through its negation。
At first； reciprocity displays itself as a reciprocal causality of presupposed； self…conditioned
substances； each is alike active arid passive substance in relation to the other。 Since the two；
then； are both passive and active； any distinction between them has already been sublated； the
difference is only a completely transparent semblance； they are substances only inasmuch as they
are the identity of the active and the passive。 Reciprocity itself is therefore still only an empty mode
of representing this； all that is still required is merely an external bringing together of what is already
both in itself and posited。 First of all； it is no longer substrates but substances that stand in
relation to each other； in the movement of conditioned causality； the still remaining presupposed
immediacy has been sublated； and the conditioning factor of the causal activity is still only the
passivity of being acted upon； or the passivity of the cause itself。 But further； this 'being acted
upon' does not originate in another causal substance； but simply from a causality which is
conditioned by being acted upon； or is a mediated causality。 Consequently； this initially external
moment which attaches to cause and constitutes the side of its passivity； is mediated by itself； is
produced by its own activity； and is thus the passivity posited by its own activity。 Causality is
conditioned and conditioning； the conditioning side is passive； but the conditioned side equally is
passive。 This conditioning or passivity is the negation of cause by the cause itself； in that it
essentially converts itself into effect and precisely through this is cause。 Reciprocity is； therefore；
only causality itself； cause not only has an effect； but in the effect it stands； as cause； in relation to
itself。
Causality has hereby returned to its absolute Notion； and at the same time has attained to the
Notion itself。 At first； it is real necessity； absolute identity with itself； so that the difference of
necessity and the related determinations in it are substances； free actualities； over against one
another。 Necessity is； in this way； inner identity； causality is the manifestation of this； in which its
illusory show of substantial otherness has sublated itself and necessity is raised to freedom。
In reciprocity； originative causality displays itself as an arising from its negation； from passivity；
and as a passing away into the same； as a becoming； but in such a manner that at the same time
this becoming is equally only illusory； the transition into an other is a reflection into itself； the
negation； which is ground of the cause； is its positive union with itself。
In reciprocity； therefore； necessity and causality have vanished； they contain both； immediate
identity as connection and relation； and the absolute substantiality of the different sides；
hence the absolute contingency of them；； the original unity of substantial difference； and
therefore absolute contradiction。 Necessity is being； because it is…the unity of being with itself that
has itself for ground； but conversely； because it has a ground it is not being； it is an altogether
illusory being； relation or mediation。 Causality is this posited transition of originative being； of
cause； into illusory being or mere positedness； and conversely； of positedness into originativeness；
but the identity itself of being and illusory being is still an inner necessity。
This inwardness or this in…itself； sublates the movement of causality； with the result that the
substantiality of the sides standing in relation is lost； and necessity unveils itself。 Necessity does not
become freedom by vanishing； but only because its still inner identity is manifested； a
manifestation which is the identical。 movement of the different sides within themselves； the
reflection of the illusory being as illusory being into itself。
Conversely； at the same time； contingency becomes freedom； f