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that such miscreants are held to be destroyers of that friendship＇6＇
which binds the woman to the husband。 Since where by some untoward
chance a woman suffers violation of her chastity；＇7＇ husbands do not
the less honour them； as far as that goes； provided true affection
still appear unsullied。＇8＇
＇4＇ Lit。 〃many of the states have a law and custom to；〃 etc。 Cf。 〃Pol。
Lac。〃 ii。 4。
＇5＇ Cf。 Plat。 〃Laws；〃 874 C； 〃if a man find his wife suffering
violence he may kill the violator and be guiltless in the eye of
the law。〃 Dem。 〃in Aristocr。〃 53； ｛ean tis apokteine en athlois
akon 。 。 。 e epi damarti； k。t。l。 。 。 。 touton eneka me pheugein
kteinanta｝。
＇6＇ See Lys。 〃de caed Eratosth。〃 S。 32 f。； ｛outos； o andres； tous
biazomenous elattonos zemias axious egesato einai e tous
peithontas 。 ton men gar thanaton kategno； tois de diplen epoiese
ten blaben； egoumenos tous men diaprattomenous bia upo ton
biasthenton miseisthai； tous de peisantas outos aution tas psukhas
diaphtheirein ost' oikeioteras autois poiein tas allotrias
gunaikas e tois andrasi kai pasan ep' ekeinois ten oikian
gegonenai kai tous paidas adelous einai opoteron tugkhanousin
ontes； ton andron e ton moikhon 。 anth' on o ton nomon titheis
thanaton autois epoiese ten zemian｝。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 III。 i。 39；
〃Symp。〃 viii。 20； Plut。 〃Sol。〃 xxiii。； ｛olos de pleisten ekhein
atopian oi peri ton gunaikon nomoi to Soloni dokousi。 moikhon men
gar anelein tio labonti dedoken； ean d' arpase tis eleutheran
gunaika kai biasetai zemian ekaton drakhmas etaxe' kan proagogeue
drakhmas aikosi； plen osai pephasmenos polountai； legon de tas
etairas。 autai gar emphanos phoitosi pros tous didontas｝； 〃Solon's
laws in general about women are his strangest； for he permitted
any one to kill an adulterer that found him in the act； but if any
one forced a free woman； a hundred drachmas was the fine； if he
enticed her； twenty；except those that sell themselves openly；
that is； harlots； who go openly to those that hire them〃 （Clough；
i。 p。 190）。
＇7＇ Or； 〃fall a victim to passion through some calamity；〃 〃commit a
breach of chastity。〃 Cf。 Aristot。 〃H。 A。〃 VII。 i。 9。
＇8＇ Or； 〃if true affection still retain its virgin purity。〃 As to this
extraordinary passage； see Hartman； op。 cit。 p。 242 foll。
So sovereign a good do I； for my part； esteem it to be loved； that I
do verily believe spontaneous blessings are outpoured from gods and
men on one so favoured。
This is that choice possession which； beyond all others； the monarch
is deprived of。
But if you require further evidence that what I say is true； look at
the matter thus： No friendship； I presume； is sounder than that which
binds parents to their children and children to their parents；
brothers and sisters to each other；＇9＇ wives to husbands； comrade to
comrade。
＇9＇ Or； 〃brothers to brothers。〃
If； then； you will but thoughtfully consider it； you will discover it
is the ordinary person who is chiefly blest in these relations。＇10＇
While of tyrants； many have been murderers of their own children； many
by their children murdered。 Many brothers have been murderers of one
another in contest for the crown；＇11＇ many a monarch has been done to
death by the wife of his bosom；＇12＇ or even by his own familiar
friend； by him of whose affection he was proudest。＇13＇
＇10＇ Or； 〃that these more obvious affections are the sanctities of
private life。〃
＇11＇ Or； 〃have caught at the throats of brothers〃； lit。 〃been slain
with mutually…murderous hand。〃 Cf。 Pind。 Fr。 137； Aesch。 〃Sept。 c。
Theb。〃 931； 〃Ag。〃 1575； concerning Eteocles and Polynices。
＇12＇ See Grote； 〃H。 G。〃 xi。 288； xii。 6； 〃Hell。〃 VI。 iv。 36； Isocr。
〃On the Peace；〃 182； Plut。 〃Dem。 Pol。〃 iii。 （Clough； v。 p。 98）；
Tac。 〃Hist。〃 v。 8； about the family feuds of the kings of Judaea。
＇13＇ 〃It was his own familiar friend who dealt the blow； the nearest
and dearest to his heart。〃
How can you suppose； then； that being so hated by those whom nature
predisposes and law compels to love him； the tyrant should be loved by
any living soul beside？
IV
Again； without some moiety of faith and trust；＇1＇ how can a man not
feel to be defrauded of a mighty blessing？ One may well ask： What
fellowship； what converse； what society would be agreeable without
confidence？ What intercourse between man and wife be sweet apart from
trustfulness？ How should the 〃faithful esquire〃 whose faith is
mistrusted still be lief and dear？＇2＇
＇1＇ 〃How can he； whose faith's discredited； the moral bankrupt 。 。 。〃
＇2＇ Or； 〃the trusty knight and serving…man。〃 Cf。 〃Morte d'Arthur；〃
xxi。 5； King Arthur and Sir Bedivere。
Well； then； of this frank confidence in others the tyrant has the
scantiest share。＇3＇ Seeing his life is such； he cannot even trust his
meats and drinks； but he must bid his serving…men before the feast
begins； or ever the libation to the gods is poured；＇4＇ to taste the
viands； out of sheer mistrust there may be mischief lurking in the cup
or platter。＇5＇
＇3＇ Or； 〃from this 。 。 。 is almost absolutely debarred。〃
＇4＇ 〃Or ever grace is said。〃
＇5＇ Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 iii。 4。
Once more； the rest of mankind find in their fatherland a treasure
worth all else beside。 The citizens form their own body…guard＇6＇
without pay or service…money against slaves and against evil…doers。 It
is theirs to see that none of themselves； no citizen； shall perish by
a violent death。 And they have advanced so far along the path of
guardianship＇7＇ that in many cases they have framed a law to the
effect that 〃not the associate even of one who is blood…guilty shall
be accounted pure。〃 So that； by reason of their fatherland；＇8＇ each
several citizen can live at quiet and secure。
＇6＇ 〃Are their own 'satellites；' spear…bearers。〃 Cf。 Thuc。 i。 130；
Herod。 ii。 168； vii。 127。
＇7＇ 〃Pushed so far the principle of mutual self…aid。〃
＇8＇ 〃Thanks to the blessing of a fatherland each citizen may spend his
days in peace and safety。〃
But for the tyrant it is again exactly the reverse。＇9＇ Instead of
aiding or avenging their despotic lord； cities bestow large honours on
the slayer of a tyrant； ay； and in lieu of excommunicating the
tyrannicide from sacred shrines；＇10＇ as is the case with murderers of
private c