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They are serious duties；＇1＇ I admit。 But still； what strikes me is； if
half these grave responsibilities do lend themselves undoubtedly to
hatred；＇2＇ the remaining half are altogether gratifying。 Thus； to
teach others＇3＇ arts of highest virtue； and to praise and honour each
most fair performance of the same； that is a type of duty not to be
discharged save graciously。 Whilst； on the other hand； to scold at
people guilty of remissness； to drive and fine and chasten； these are
proceedings doubtless which go hand in hand with hate and bitterness。
＇1＇ Cf。 〃Econ。〃 vii。 41。
＇2＇ Or； 〃tend indisputably to enmity。〃
＇3＇ Or； 〃people；〃 〃the learner。〃
What I would say then to the hero…ruler is： Wherever force is needed；
the duty of inflicting chastisement should be assigned to others； but
the distribution of rewards and prizes must be kept in his own
hands。＇4＇
＇4＇ Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 VIII。 ii。 27； ib。 i。 18； 〃Hipparch；〃 i。 26。
Common experience attests the excellence of such a system。＇5＇ Thus
when we＇6＇ wish to set on foot a competition between choruses；＇7＇ it
is the function of the archon＇8＇ to offer prizes； whilst to the
choregoi＇9＇ is assigned the duty of assembling the members of the
band；＇10＇ and to others＇11＇ that of teaching and applying force to
those who come behindhand in their duties。 There； then； you have the
principle at once： The gracious and agreeable devolves on him who
rules； the archon； the repellent counterpart＇12＇ on others。 What is
there to prevent the application of the principle to matters politic
in general？＇13＇
＇5＇ Or； 〃current incidents bear witness to the beauty of the
principle。〃
＇6＇ ｛emin｝。 The author makes Simonides talk as an Athenian。
＇7＇ Lit。 〃when we wish our sacred choirs to compete。〃
＇8＇ Or； 〃magistrate〃； at Athens the Archon Eponymos。 See Boeckh； 〃P。
E。 A。〃 p。 454 foll。 Al。 the ｛athlethetai｝。 See Pollux； viii。 93；
cf。 Aeschin。 〃c。 Ctes。〃 13。
＇9＇ Or more correctly at Athens the choragoi = leaders of the chorus。
＇10＇ i。e。 the choreutai。
＇11＇ Sc。 the choro…didaskaloi； or chorus…masters。
＇12＇ ｛ta antitupa｝； 〃the repellent obverse；〃 〃the seamy side。〃 Cf。
Theogn。 1244； ｛ethos ekhon solion pistios antitupon｝。 〃Hell。〃 VI。
iii。 11。
＇13＇ Or； 〃Well then； what reason is there why other matters of
political concernall other branches of our civic life； in fact
should not be carried out on this same principle？〃
All states as units are divided into tribes （｛thulas｝）； or regiments
（｛moras｝）； or companies （｛lokhous｝）； and there are officers
（｛arkhontes｝） appointed in command of each division。＇14＇
＇14＇ e。g。 Attica into ten phylae； Lacedaemon into six morae； Thebes
and Argos into lochi。 See Aristot。 〃Pol。〃 v。 8 （Jowett； i。 166）；
〃Hell。〃 VI。 iv。 13； VII。 ii。 4。
Well then； suppose that some one were to offer prizes＇15＇ to these
political departments on the pattern of the choric prizes just
described； prizes for excellence of arms； or skill in tactics； or for
discipline and so forth； or for skill in horsemanship； prizes for
prowess＇16＇ in the field of battle； bravery in war； prizes for
uprightness＇17＇ in fulfilment of engagements； contracts； covenants。 If
so； I say it is to be expected that these several matters； thanks to
emulous ambition； will one and all be vigorously cultivated。
Vigorously！ why； yes； upon my soul； and what a rush there would be！
How in the pursuit of honour they would tear along where duty called：
with what promptitude pour in their money contributions＇18＇ at a time
of crisis。
＇15＇ See 〃Revenues；〃 iii。 3； A。 Zurborg； 〃de。 Xen。 Lib。 qui ｛Poroi｝
inscribitur；〃 p。 42。
＇16＇ Cf。 〃Hell。〃 III。 iv。 16； IV。 ii。 5 foll。
＇17＇ 〃In reward for justice in； etc。〃 See 〃Revenues；〃 l。c。； and for
the evil in question； Thuc。 i。 77； Plat。 〃Rep。〃 556。
＇18＇ ｛eispheroien｝； techn。 of the war…tax at Athens。 See 〃Revenues；〃
iii。 7 foll。； iv。 34 foll。； Thuc。 iii。 19； Boeckh； 〃P。 E。 A。〃 pp。
470； 539。 Cf。 Aristot。 〃Pol。〃 v。 11。 10； in illustration of the
tyrant's usual method of raising money。
And that which of all arts is the most remunerative； albeit the least
accustomed hitherto to be conducted on the principle of
competition＇19＇I mean agricultureitself would make enormous
strides； if some one were to offer prizes in the same way； 〃by farms
and villages；〃 to those who should perform the works of tillage in the
fairest fashion。 Whilst to those members of the state who should
devote themselves with might and main to this pursuit； a thousand
blessings would be the result。 The revenues would be increased； and
self…restraint be found far more than now； in close attendance on
industrious habits。＇20＇ Nay further； crimes and villainies take root
and spring less freely among busy workers。
＇19＇ Al。 〃and what will be the most repaying 。 。 。 being a department
of things least wont；〃 etc。
＇20＇ Or； 〃soundness of soul much more be found allied with
occupation。〃
Once more； if commerce＇21＇ is of any value to the state； then let the
merchant who devotes himself to commerce on the grandest scale receive
some high distinction； and his honours will draw on other traders in
his wake。
＇21＇ Cf。 〃Revenues；〃 l。c。
Or were it made apparent that the genius who discovers a new source of
revenue； which will not be vexatious； will be honoured； by the state；
a field of exploration will at once be opened； which will not long
continue unproductive。＇22＇
＇22＇ Lit。 〃that too is an inquiry which will not long lie fallow。〃
And to speak compendiously； if it were obvious in each department that
the introducer of any salutary measure whatsoever will not remain
unhonoured； that in itself will stimulate a host of pople who will
make it their business to discover some good thing or other for the
state。 Wherever matters of advantage to the state excite deep
interest； of necessity discoveries are made more freely and more
promptly perfected。 But if you are afraid； O mighty prince； that
through the multitude of prizes offered＇23＇ under many heads； expenses
also must be much increased； consider that no articles of commerce can
be got more cheaply than those which people purchase in exchange for
prizes。 Note in the public contests （choral； equestrian； or
gymnastic）＇24＇ how small the prizes are and yet what vast expenditure
of wealth and toil； and painful supervis