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fast wearing or are already worn out； and have come to this page to
spend borrowed or stolen time； robbing your creditors of an hour。
It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives many of you live；
for my sight has been whetted by experience； always on the limits；
trying to get into business and trying to get out of debt； a very
ancient slough； called by the Latins aes alienum； another's brass；
for some of their coins were made of brass； still living； and dying；
and buried by this other's brass； always promising to pay； promising
to pay； tomorrow； and dying today； insolvent； seeking to curry
favor； to get custom； by how many modes； only not state…prison
offenses； lying； flattering； voting； contracting yourselves into a
nutshell of civility or dilating into an atmosphere of thin and
vaporous generosity； that you may persuade your neighbor to let you
make his shoes； or his hat； or his coat； or his carriage； or import
his groceries for him； making yourselves sick； that you may lay up
something against a sick day； something to be tucked away in an old
chest； or in a stocking behind the plastering； or； more safely； in
the brick bank； no matter where； no matter how much or how little。
I sometimes wonder that we can be so frivolous； I may almost
say； as to attend to the gross but somewhat foreign form of
servitude called Negro Slavery； there are so many keen and subtle
masters that enslave both North and South。 It is hard to have a
Southern overseer； it is worse to have a Northern one； but worst of
all when you are the slave…driver of yourself。 Talk of a divinity
in man！ Look at the teamster on the highway； wending to market by
day or night； does any divinity stir within him？ His highest duty
to fodder and water his horses！ What is his destiny to him compared
with the shipping interests？ Does not he drive for Squire
Make…a…stir？ How godlike； how immortal； is he？ See how he cowers
and sneaks； how vaguely all the day he fears； not being immortal nor
divine； but the slave and prisoner of his own opinion of himself； a
fame won by his own deeds。 Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared
with our own private opinion。 What a man thinks of himself； that it
is which determines； or rather indicates； his fate。
Self…emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and
imagination what Wilberforce is there to bring that about？
Think； also； of the ladies of the land weaving toilet cushions
against the last day； not to betray too green an interest in their
fates！ As if you could kill time without injuring eternity。
The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation。 What is called
resignation is confirmed desperation。 From the desperate city you
go into the desperate country； and have to console yourself with the
bravery of minks and muskrats。 A stereotyped but unconscious
despair is concealed even under what are called the games and
amusements of mankind。 There is no play in them； for this comes
after work。 But it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do
desperate things。
When we consider what； to use the words of the catechism； is the
chief end of man； and what are the true necessaries and means of
life； it appears as if men had deliberately chosen the common mode
of living because they preferred it to any other。 Yet they honestly
think there is no choice left。 But alert and healthy natures
remember that the sun rose clear。 It is never too late to give up
our prejudices。 No way of thinking or doing； however ancient； can
be trusted without proof。 What everybody echoes or in silence
passes by as true to…day may turn out to be falsehood to…morrow；
mere smoke of opinion； which some had trusted for a cloud that would
sprinkle fertilizing rain on their fields。 What old people say you
cannot do； you try and find that you can。 Old deeds for old people；
and new deeds for new。 Old people did not know enough once；
perchance； to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a…going； new people
put a little dry wood under a pot； and are whirled round the globe
with the speed of birds； in a way to kill old people； as the phrase
is。 Age is no better； hardly so well； qualified for an instructor
as youth； for it has not profited so much as it has lost。 One may
almost doubt if the wisest man has learned anything of absolute
value by living。 Practically； the old have no very important advice
to give the young； their own experience has been so partial； and
their lives have been such miserable failures； for private reasons；
as they must believe； and it may be that they have some faith left
which belies that experience； and they are only less young than they
were。 I have lived some thirty years on this planet； and I have yet
to hear the first syllable of valuable or even earnest advice from
my seniors。 They have told me nothing； and probably cannot tell me
anything to the purpose。 Here is life； an experiment to a great
extent untried by me； but it does not avail me that they have tried
it。 If I have any experience which I think valuable； I am sure to
reflect that this my Mentors said nothing about。
One farmer says to me； 〃You cannot live on vegetable food
solely； for it furnishes nothing to make bones with〃； and so he
religiously devotes a part of his day to supplying his system with
the raw material of bones； walking all the while he talks behind his
oxen； which； with vegetable…made bones； jerk him and his lumbering
plow along in spite of every obstacle。 Some things are really
necessaries of life in some circles； the most helpless and diseased；
which in others are luxuries merely； and in others still are
entirely unknown。
The whole ground of human life seems to some to have been gone
over by their predecessors； both the heights and the valleys； and
all things to have been cared for。 According to Evelyn； 〃the wise
Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees； and
the Roman praetors have decided how often you may go into your
neighbor's land to gather the acorns which fall on it without
trespass； and what share belongs to that neighbor。〃 Hippocrates has
even left directions how we should cut our nails； that is； even with
the ends of the fingers； neither shorter nor longer。 Undoubtedly
the very tedium and ennui which presume to have exhausted the
variety and the joys of life are as old as Adam。 But man's
capacities have never been measured； nor are we to judge of what he
can do by any precedents； so little has been tried。 Whatever have
been thy failures hitherto； 〃be not afflicted； my child； for who
shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone？〃
We might try our lives by a thousand simple tests； as； for
instance； that the same sun which ripens my beans illumines at once
a system of earths like ours。 If I had remembered this it would
have prevented some mistakes。 This was not the light in which I
hoed them。 The stars are the apexes of what wonderful triangles！
What distant and d