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o had made a rendezvous with her one day at the cross Saint…Honore； there showed her four little bottles； saying； 〃See what Glazer has sent me。〃 She asked him for one； but Sainte…Croix said he would rather die than give it up。 He added that the archer Antoine Barbier had given him three letters written by the marquise to Theria； that in the first she had told him to come at once and snatch her from the hands of the soldiers； that in the second she said that the escort was only composed of eight persons； who could he worsted by five men； that in the third she said that if he could not save her from the men who were taking her away； he should at least approach the commissary； and killing his valet's horse and two other horses in his carriage； then take the box； and burn it； otherwise she was lost。
Laviolette； an archer； deposed that on the evening of the arrest。 the marquise had a long pin and tried to put it in her mouth； that he stopped her； and told her that she was very wicked； that he perceived that people said the truth and that she had poisoned all her family； to which she replied； that if she had； it was only through following bad advice； and that one could not always be good。
Antoine Barbier； an archer； said that the marquise at table took up a glass as though to drink； and tried to swallow a piece of it； that he prevented this； and she promised to make his fortune if only he would save her； that she wrote several letters to Theria； that during the whole journey she tried all she could to swallow pins； bits of glass； and earth； that she had proposed that he should cut Desgrais' throat； and kill the commissary's valet； that she had bidden him get the box and burn it； and bring a lighted torch to burn everything； that she had written to Penautier from the Conciergerie； that she gave him； the letter； and he pretended to deliver it。
Finally； Francoise Roussel deposed that she had been in the service of the marquise； and the lady had one day given her some preserved gooseberries； that she had eaten some on the point of her knife； and at once felt ill。 She also gave her a slice of mutton； rather wet； which she ate； afterwards suffering great pain in the stomach； feeling as though she had been pricked in the heart； and for three years had felt the same； believing herself poisoned。
It was difficult to continue a system of absolute denial in face of proofs like these。 The marquise persisted； all the same； that she was in no way guilty； and Maitre Nivelle； one of the best lawyers of the period； consented to defend her cause。
He combated one charge after another； in a remarkably clever way； owning to the adulterous connection of the marquise with Sainte… Croix； but denying her participation in the murders of the d'Aubrays； father and sons： these he ascribed entirely to the vengeance desired by Sainte…Croix。 As to the confession； the strongest and； he maintained； the only evidence against Madame de Brinvilliers； he attacked its validity by bringing forward certain similar cases； where the evidence supplied by the accused against themselves had not been admitted by reason of the legal action： 'Non auditur perire volens'。 He cited three instances； and as they are themselves interesting； we copy them verbatim from his notes。
FIRST CASE
Dominicus Soto； a very famous canonist and theologian； confessor to Charles V； present at the first meetings of the Council of Trent under Paul III； propounds a question about a man who had lost a paper on which he had written down his sins。 It happened that this paper fell into the hands of an ecclesiastical judge； who wished to put in information against the writer on the strength of this document。 Now this judge was justly punished by his superior； because confession is so sacred that even that which is destined to constitute the confession should be wrapped in eternal silence。 In accordance with this precedent； the following judgment； reported in the 'Traite des Confesseurs'； was given by Roderic Acugno。 A Catalonian； native of Barcelona； who was condemned to death for homicide and owned his guilt； refused to confess when the hour of punishment arrived。 However strongly pressed； he resisted； and so violently； giving no reason； that all were persuaded that his mind was unhinged by the fear of death。 Saint…Thomas of Villeneuve； Archbishop of Valencia； heard of his obstinacy。 Valencia was the place where his sentence was given。 The worthy prelate was so charitable as to try to persuade the criminal to make his confession； so as not to lose his soul as well as his body。 Great was his surprise； when he asked the reason of the refusal； to hear the doomed man declare that he hated confessors； because he had been condemned through the treachery of his own priest； who was the only person who knew about the murder。 In confession he had admitted his crime and said where the body was buried； and all about it； his confessor had revealed it all； and he could not deny it； and so he had been condemned。 He had only just learned； what he did not know at the time he confessed； that his confessor was the brother of the man he had killed； and that the desire for vengeance had prompted the bad priest to betray his confession。 Saint…Thomas； hearing this； thought that this incident was of more importance than the trial； which concerned the life of only one person； whereas the honour of religion was at stake； with consequences infinitely more important。 He felt he must verify this statement； and summoned the confessor。 When he had admitted the breach of faith； the judges were obliged to revoke their sentence and pardon the criminal； much to the gratification of the public mind。 The confessor was adjudged a very severe penance； which Saint…Thomas modified because of his prompt avowal of his fault； and still more because he had given an opportunity for the public exhibition of that reverence which judges themselves are bound to pay to confessions。
SECOND CASE
In 1579 an innkeeper at Toulouse killed with his own hand； unknown to the inmates of his house； a stranger who had come to lodge with him； and buried him secretly in the cellar。 The wretch then suffered from remorse； and confessed the crime with all its circumstances； telling his confessor where the body was buried。 The relations of the dead man； after making all possible search to get news of him； at last proclaimed through the town a large reward to be given to anyone who would discover what had happened to him。 The confessor； tempted by this bait； secretly gave word that they had only to search in the innkeeper's cellar and they would find the corpse。 And they found it in the place indicated。 The innkeeper was thrown into prison； was tortured； and confessed his crime。 But afterwards he always maintained that his confessor was the only person who could have betrayed him。 Then the Parliament； indignant with such means of finding out the truth； declared him innocent； failing other proof than what came through his confessor。 The confessor was himself condemned to be hanged； and his body was burnt。 So fully did the tribunal in its wisdom recognise the importance of secur