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county by 69；091L。 The Scotch fishermen catch over a million
barrels of herrings annually； representing a value of about a
million and a…half sterling。
＇8＇ A recent number of Land and Water supplies the following
information as to the fishing at Kinsale： 〃The takes of fish
have been so enormous and unprecedented that buyers can scarcely
be found； even when； as now； mackerel are selling at one shilling
per six score。 Piles of magnificent fish lie rotting in the sun。
The sides of Kinsale Harbour are strewn with them； and
frequently； when they have become a little 'touched；' whole
boat…loads are thrown overboard into the water。 This great waste
is to be attributed to scarcity of hands to salt the fish and
want of packing…boxes。 Some of the boats are said to have made
as much as 500L。 this season。 The local fishing company are
making active preparations for the approaching herring fishery；
and it is anticipated that Kinsale may become one of the centres
of this description of fishing。〃
＇9＇ Statistical Journal for March 1848。 Paper by Richard Valpy
on 〃The Resources of the Irish Sea Fisheries；〃 pp。 55…72。
＇10＇ HALL； Retrospect of a Long Life； ii。 324。
＇11＇ The Commissioners of Irish Fisheries； in one of their
reports； observe：〃Notwithstanding the diminished population；
the fish captured round the coast is so inadequate to the wants
of the population that fully 150；000L。 worth of ling； cod； and
herring are annually imported from Norway； Newfoundland； and
Scotland； the vessels bearing these cargoes； as they approach the
shores of Ireland； frequently sailing through large shoals of
fish of the same description as they are freighted with！〃
＇12＇ The following examination of Mr。 J。 Ennis； chairman of the
Midland and Great Western Railway； took place before the 〃Royal
Commission on Railways；〃 as long ago as the year 1846：…
Chairman〃Is the fish traffic of any importance to your
railway？〃
Mr。 Ennis〃of course it is； and we give it all the facilities
that we can。。。。 But the Galway fisheries； where one would expect
to find plenty of fish； are totally neglected。〃
Sir Rowland Hill〃What is the reason of that？〃
Mr。 Ennis 〃I will endeavour to explain。 I had occasion a few
nights ago to speak to a gentleman in the House of Commons with
regard to an application to the Fishery Board for 2000L。 to
restore the pier at Buffin； in Clew Bay； and I said； 'Will you
join me in the application？ I am told it is a place that swarms
with fish； and if we had a pier there the fishermen will have
some security； and they will go out。' The only answer I received
was； 'They will not go out； they pay no attention whatever to the
fisheries； they allow the fish to come and go without making any
effort to catch them。。。。'〃
Mr。 Ayrton 〃Do you think that if English fishermen went to the
west coast of Ireland they would be able to get on in harmony
with the native fishermen？〃
Mr。 Ennis 〃We know the fact to be； that some years ago； a
company was established for the purpose of trawling in Galway
Bay； and what was the consequence？ The Irish fishermen； who
inhabit a region in the neighbourhood of Galway； called Claddagh；
turned out against them； and would not allow them to trawl； and
the Englishmen very properly went away with their lives。〃
Sir Rowland Hill 〃Then they will neither fish themselves nor
allow any one else to fish！〃
Mr。 Ennis 〃It seems to be so。〃 Minutes of Evidence； 175…6。
＇13＇ The Derry Journal。
＇14＇ Report of Inspectors of Irish Fisheries for 1882。
＇15＇ The Report of the Inspectors of Irish Fisheries on the Sea
and Inland Fisheries of Ireland for 1882； gives a large amount of
information as to the fish which swarm round the Irish coast。
Mr。 Brady reports on the abundance of herring and other fish all
round the coast。 Shoals of herrings 〃remained off nearly the
entire coast of Ireland from August till December。〃 〃Large
shoals of pilchards〃 were observed on the south and south…west
coasts。 Off Dingle； it is remarked； 〃the supply of all kinds of
fish is practically inexhaustible。〃
〃Immense shoals of herrings off Liscannor and Loop Head；〃 〃the
mackerel is always on this coast； and can be captured at any time
of the year； weather permitting。〃 At Belmullet； 〃the shoals of
fish off the coast； particularly herring and mackerel； are
sometimes enormous。〃 The fishermen； though poor； are all very
orderly and well conducted。 They only want energy and industry。
＇16＇ The Harleian Miscellany； iii。 378…91。
＇17＇ The Harleian Miscellany； iii。 392。
＇18＇ See The Huguenots in England and Ireland。 A Board of
Traders； for the encouragement and promotion of the hemp and flax
manufacture in Ireland； was appointed by an Act of Parliament at
the beginning of last century （6th October； 1711）； and the year
after the appointment of the Board the following notice was
placed on the records of the institution： 〃Louis Crommelin and
the Huguenot colony have been greatly instrumental in improving
and propagating the flaxen manufacture in the north of this
Kingdom； and the perfection to which the same is brought in that
part of the country has been greatly owing to the skill and
industry of the said Crommelin。〃 In a history of the linen
trade； published at Belfast； it is said that 〃the dignity which
that enterprising man imparted to labour； and the halo which his
example cast around physical exertion； had the best effect in
raising the tone of popular feeling； as well among the patricians
as among the peasants of the north of Ireland。 This love of
industry did much to break down the national prejudice in favour
of idleness； and cast doubts on the social orthodoxy of the idea
then so popular with the squirearchy； that those alone who were
able to live without employment had any rightful claim to the
distinctive title of gentleman。。。。 A patrician by birth and a
merchant by profession； Crommelin proved； by his own life； his
example； and his enterprise； that an energetic manufacturer may；
at the same time； take a high place in the conventional world。〃
＇19＇ Benn's History of Belfast； p。 78。
＇20＇ From the Irish Manufacturers' Almanack for 1883 I learn that
nearly one…third of the spindles used in Europe in the linen
trade； and more than one…fourth of the power…looms； belong to
Ireland； that 〃the Irish linen and associated trades at present
give employment to 176；303 persons； and it is estimated that the
capital sunk in spinning and weaving factories； and the business
incidental thereto； is about 100；000；000L。； and of that sum
37；000；000L。 is credited to Belfast alone。〃
＇21＇ The importation of coal in 1883 amounted to over 700；000
tons。
＇22＇ We are indebted to the obliging kindness of the Right Hon。
Mr。 Fawcett； Postmaster…General for this return。 The total
number of depositors in the Post Office Savings banks in the
Parliamentary borough of