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all things； and is the cause of all things； quasi diaion going throughthe
letter kappa being inserted for the sake of euphony。 This is a great
mystery which has been confided to me； but when I ask for an explanation I
am thought obtrusive； and another derivation is proposed to me。 Justice is
said to be o kaion； or the sun； and when I joyfully repeat this beautiful
notion； I am answered； 'What； is there no justice when the sun is down？'
And when I entreat my questioner to tell me his own opinion； he replies；
that justice is fire in the abstract； or heat in the abstract； which is not
very intelligible。 Others laugh at such notions； and say with Anaxagoras；
that justice is the ordering mind。 'I think that some one must have told
you this。' And not the rest？ Let me proceed then； in the hope of proving
to you my originality。 Andreia is quasi anpeia quasi e ano roe； the stream
which flows upwards； and is opposed to injustice； which clearly hinders the
principle of penetration； arren and aner have a similar derivation； gune is
the same as gone； thelu is derived apo tes theles； because the teat makes
things flourish （tethelenai）； and the word thallein itself implies increase
of youth； which is swift and sudden ever （thein and allesthai）。 I am
getting over the ground fast： but much has still to be explained。 There
is techne； for instance。 This； by an aphaeresis of tau and an epenthesis
of omicron in two places； may be identified with echonoe； and signifies
'that which has mind。'
'A very poor etymology。' Yes； but you must remember that all language is
in process of change； letters are taken in and put out for the sake of
euphony； and time is also a great alterer of words。 For example； what
business has the letter rho in the word katoptron； or the letter sigma in
the word sphigx？ The additions are often such that it is impossible to
make out the original word； and yet； if you may put in and pull out； as you
like； any name is equally good for any object。 The fact is； that great
dictators of literature like yourself should observe the rules of
moderation。 'I will do my best。' But do not be too much of a precisian；
or you will paralyze me。 If you will let me add mechane； apo tou mekous；
which means polu； and anein； I shall be at the summit of my powers； from
which elevation I will examine the two words kakia and arete。 The first is
easily explained in accordance with what has preceded； for all things being
in a flux； kakia is to kakos ion。 This derivation is illustrated by the
word deilia； which ought to have come after andreia； and may be regarded as
o lian desmos tes psuches； just as aporia signifies an impediment to motion
（from alpha not； and poreuesthai to go）； and arete is euporia； which is the
opposite of thisthe everflowing （aei reousa or aeireite）； or the
eligible； quasi airete。 You will think that I am inventing； but I say that
if kakia is right； then arete is also right。 But what is kakon？ That is a
very obscure word； to which I can only apply my old notion and declare that
kakon is a foreign word。 Next； let us proceed to kalon； aischron。 The
latter is doubtless contracted from aeischoroun； quasi aei ischon roun。
The inventor of words being a patron of the flux； was a great enemy to
stagnation。 Kalon is to kaloun ta pragmatathis is mind （nous or
dianoia）； which is also the principle of beauty； and which doing the works
of beauty； is therefore rightly called the beautiful。 The meaning of
sumpheron is explained by previous examples；like episteme； signifying
that the soul moves in harmony with the world （sumphora； sumpheronta）。
Kerdos is to pasi kerannumenonthat which mingles with all things：
lusiteloun is equivalent to to tes phoras luon to telos； and is not to be
taken in the vulgar sense of gainful； but rather in that of swift； being
the principle which makes motion immortal and unceasing； ophelimon is apo
tou ophelleinthat which gives increase： this word； which is Homeric； is
of foreign origin。 Blaberon is to blamton or boulomenon aptein tou rou
that which injures or seeks to bind the stream。 The proper word would be
boulapteroun； but this is too much of a mouthfullike a prelude on the
flute in honour of Athene。 The word zemiodes is difficult； great changes；
as I was saying； have been made in words； and even a small change will
alter their meaning very much。 The word deon is one of these disguised
words。 You know that according to the old pronunciation； which is
especially affected by the women； who are great conservatives； iota and
delta were used where we should now use eta and zeta： for example； what we
now call emera was formerly called imera； and this shows the meaning of the
word to have been 'the desired one coming after night；' and not； as is
often supposed； 'that which makes things gentle' （emera）。 So again； zugon
is duogon； quasi desis duein eis agogen（the binding of two together for
the purpose of drawing。 Deon； as ordinarily written； has an evil sense；
signifying the chain （desmos） or hindrance of motion； but in its ancient
form dion is expressive of good； quasi diion； that which penetrates or goes
through all。 Zemiodes is really demiodes； and means that which binds
motion （dounti to ion）： edone is e pros ten onrsin teinousa praxisthe
delta is an insertion： lupe is derived apo tes dialuseos tou somatos： ania
is from alpha and ienai； to go： algedon is a foreign word； and is so
called apo tou algeinou： odune is apo tes enduseos tes lupes： achthedon
is in its very sound a burden： chapa expresses the flow of soul： terpsis
is apo tou terpnou； and terpnon is properly erpnon； because the sensation
of pleasure is likened to a breath （pnoe） which creeps （erpei） through the
soul： euphrosune is named from pheresthai； because the soul moves in
harmony with nature： epithumia is e epi ton thumon iousa dunamis： thumos
is apo tes thuseos tes psuches： imerosoti eimenos pei e psuche： pothos；
the desire which is in another place； allothi pou： eros was anciently
esros； and so called because it flows into （esrei） the soul from without：
doxa is e dioxis tou eidenai； or expresses the shooting from a bow （toxon）。
The latter etymology is confirmed by the words boulesthai； boule； aboulia；
which all have to do with shooting （bole）： and similarly oiesis is nothing
but the movement （oisis） of the soul towards essence。 Ekousion is to
eikonthe yieldinganagke is e an agke iousa； the passage through ravines
which impede motion： aletheia is theia ale； divine motion。 Pseudos is the
opposite of this； implying the principle of constraint and forced repose；
which is expressed under the figure of sleep； to eudon； the psi is an
addition。 Onoma； a name； affirms the real existence of that which is
sought afteron ou masma estin。 On and ousia are only ion with an iota
broken off； and ouk on is ouk ion。 'And what are ion； reon； doun？' One
way of explaining them has been already suggestedthey may be of foreign
orig