按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
indicated by the fact that a single grain of eosine in
ten millions of water exhibits a definite rose…pink
color。
It is asserted that in the last three years many
improvements have been made in the permanent qualities
of some of the soluble anilines； but no material
which is soluble in plain water should ever be employed
as an ink for record purposes。
Preceding the discovery of the 〃anilines；〃 as already
related； other substances had been employed
for 〃added〃 color in the admixture of ink； principally
madder； Brazil wood； indigo； and logwood。
Only a casual reference has heretofore been made
to Brazil wood and logwood。
Brazil wood； also called peach wood； is imported
from Brazil。 Its employment as a dyestuff is known
to be of great antiquity； antedating considerably the
discovery of South America。 Bancroft states； 〃The
name 'Brazil' was given to the country on account
of the extensive forests of the already well…known
'Brazil wood；' which was found by its Portuguese
discoverers。 The dyestuff thus gave its name to the
country from which it was afterwards principally
obtained。 The word 'Brazil' appears to have been
originally used to designate a bright red or flame
color。 Thus in a contract between the cities of Bologna
and Ferrara； in 1194； the dyestuff kermez is
referred to as grana de Brazile and Brazil wood； both
dyestuffs at that time being obtained from India。〃
For 〃added〃 color to ink and alone it was much
used in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries。
Logwood； employed more extensively for 〃added〃
color than any other color compound； was introduced
into Europe by the Spaniards； A。 D。 1502。 In England
it does not appear to have been much used until
about 1575。 In 1581 the Parliament prohibited its
use 〃because the colours produced from it were of a
fugacious character。〃 Its use was legalized in 1673
by an act； the preamble of which reads； 〃The ingenious
industry of modern times hath taught the
dyers of England the art of fixing； the colours made
of logwood； alias blackwood； so as that； by experience；
they are found as lasting as the colours made
with any sort of dyeing wood whatever。〃 It is obtained
principally from the Campeachy tree； which
grows in the West Indies and South America。
The practical utility of logwood as the base for an
ink was a discovery of Runge in 1848； who found
that a dilute solution of its coloring matter； to which
had been added a small quantity of neutral chromate
of potassium； produced a deep black liquid which apparently
remained clear and did not deposit any sediment。
This composition became very popular on
account of its cheapness and dark purple color。 It
is of a fugitive character； though； and has passed almost
entirely out of commercial use。
CHAPTER XXI。
ANCIENT AND MODERN INK RECEIPTS。
〃INDIAN〃 INKSPANISH LICORICEBITUMENCARBON
FROM PETROLEUMPROCESS TO OBTAIN GALLIC
ACIDEFFECT OF SUGAR IN INKDARK COLORED
GALLS BEST FOR INK MAKINGSUBSTITUTES FOR
GALLSRELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF IRON AND
GALLSANECDOTE OF PROFESSOR TRIALL
ESTIMATION OF SULPHATE OF COPPERQUAINT INK
RECIPERIBAUCOURT'S INKHORSELEY'S INK
ELSNER'S INDELIBLE MARKING INKBLACK INK FOR
COMMON AND COPYING USESCOMMON BLACK
INKSHINING BLACK INKPROCESS FOR 〃BEST〃
INKINDELIBLE BLACK INK WITHOUT GALLS OR
IRONINK POWDERSTEEL PEN INKSOME EARLY
LITERATURE OF THE COAL TAR PRODUCTSINK PLANT
OF NEW GRANADA〃IMPERISHABLE〃 INKFIRE…
PROOF INK〃INERADICABLE〃 INKEXCHEQUER
INK〃PERMANENT〃 RED INKSUBSTITUTE FOR 〃INDIAN〃
INKTO PREVENT INK FREEZINGBACTERIA
IN INKGOLD AND OTHER INKS USED FOR ILLUMlNATING。
INNUMERABLE receipts and directions for making
inks of every kind； color and quality are to be found
distributed in books more or less devoted to such subjects；
in the encyclopaedias； chemistries； and other scientific
publications。 If assembled together they would
occupy hundreds of pages。 Those cited are exemplars
indicating the trend of ideas belonging to different
nations； epochs； and the diversity of materials。 They
can also be considered as object lessons which conclusively
demonstrate the dissatisfaction always existing
in respect to the constitution and modes of ink admixture。
Many of them are curious and are reproduced
without any amendments。
〃Indian ink is a black pigment brought hither
from China； which on being rubbed with water；
dissolves； and forms a substance resembling ink；
but of a consistence extremely well adapted to the
working with a pencil…brush； on which account it
is not only much used as a black colour in miniature
painting； but is the black now generally made
use of for all smaller drawings in chiaro obscuro
（or where the effect is to be produced from light
and shade only）。
〃The preparation of Indian ink； as well as of
the other compositions used by the Chinese as
paints； is not hitherto revealed on any good authority；
but it appears clearly from experiments
to be the coal of fish bones； or some other vegetable
substance； mixed with isinglass size； or other
size； and most probably； honey or sugar candy to
prevent its cracking。 A substance； therefore； much
of the same nature； and applicable to the same
purposes； may be formed in the following manner。
〃Take of isinglass six ounces； reduce it to a
size； by dissolving it over the fire in double its
weight of water。 Take then of Spanish liquorice
one ounce； and dissolve it also in double its weight
of water； and grind up with it an ounce of ivory
black。 Add this mixture to the size while hot；
and stir the whole together till all the ingredients
be thoroughly incorporated。 Then evaporate away
the water in baleno mariae； and cast the remaining
composition into leaden molds greased； or make
it up in any other form。〃
〃The colour of this composition will be equally
good with that of the Indian ink： the isinglass
size； mixt with the colours； works with the pencil
equally well with the Indian ink； and the Spanish
liquorice will both render it easily dissolvable on
the rubbing with water； to which the isinglass alone
is somewhat reluctant； and also prevent its cracking
and peeling off from the ground on which it is
laid。〃
* * * * * * *
There is found in small currents near the Baltick
Sea； in the Dutchy of Prussia a certain coagulated
bitumen； which； because it seems to be a juice
of the earth is called succinum； and carabe； because
it will attract straws； it is likewise called electrum；
glessum； anthra citrina； vulgarly yellow amber。
〃This bitumen being soft and viscous； several
little animals； such as flies； and ants； do stick to it；
and are buried in it。
〃Amber is of different colours； such as white；
yellow and black。
〃The white is held in greatest esteem in physick；
tho' it be opacous； when it is rubbed against anything；
it is odoriferous； and it yields more volatile
salt th