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art of war-第29章

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is anxious for the other side to advance。



     'Probably because we are in a strong position from which he 

wishes to dislodge us。  〃If he came close up to us; says Tu Mu; 

〃and tried to force a battle; he would seem to despise us;  and 

there would be less probability of our responding to the 

challenge。〃'



     20。  If his place of encampment is easy of access;  he is 

tendering a bait。

     21。  Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the 

enemy is advancing。



     'Ts‘ao Kung explains this as 〃felling trees to clear a 

passage;〃  and Chang Yu says:  〃Every man sends out scouts to 

climb high places and observe the enemy。  If a scout sees that 

the trees of a forest are moving and shaking; he may know that 

they are being cut down to clear a passage for the enemy's 

march。〃'



The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass 

means that the enemy wants to make us suspicious。



     'Tu Yu's explanation; borrowed from Ts‘ao Kung's;  is as 

follows:   〃The presence of a number of screens or sheds in the 

midst of thick vegetation is a sure sign that the enemy has fled 

and;  fearing pursuit; has constructed these hiding…places in 

order to make us suspect an ambush。〃  It appears that these 

〃screens〃  were hastily knotted together out of any long grass 

which the retreating enemy happened to come across。'



     22。  The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an 

ambuscade。



     'Chang Yu's explanation is doubtless right:   〃When birds 

that are flying along in a straight line suddenly shoot upwards; 

it means that soldiers are in ambush at the spot beneath。〃'



Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming。

     23。  When there is dust rising in a high column; it is the 

sign of chariots advancing; when the dust is low; but spread over 

a wide area; it betokens the approach of infantry。



     '〃High and sharp;〃  or rising to a peak;  is of course 

somewhat exaggerated as applied to dust。  The commentators 

explain the phenomenon by saying that horses and chariots;  being 

heavier than men; raise more dust; and also follow one another in 

the same wheel…track; whereas foot…soldiers would be marching in 

ranks;  many abreast。  According to Chang Yu; 〃every army on the 

march must have scouts some way in advance; who on sighting dust 

raised by the enemy; will gallop back and report it to the 

commander…in…chief。〃  Cf。 Gen。 Baden…Powell:  〃As you move along; 

say;  in a hostile country; your eyes should be looking afar for 

the enemy or any signs of him:  figures;  dust rising;  birds 

getting up; glitter of arms; etc。〃 '1' '



When it branches out in different directions;  it shows that 

parties have been sent to collect firewood。  A few clouds of dust 

moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping。



     'Chang Yu says:   〃In apportioning the defenses for a 

cantonment;  light horse will be sent out to survey the position 

and   ascertain the weak and strong points all along   its 

circumference。  Hence the small quantity of dust and   its 

motion。〃'



     24。  Humble words and increased preparations are signs that 

the enemy is about to advance。



     '〃As though they stood in great fear of us;〃 says Tu Mu。  

〃Their object is to make us contemptuous and careless;  after 

which they will attack us。〃  Chang Yu alludes to the story of 

T‘ien Tan of the Ch‘i…mo against the Yen forces;  led by Ch‘i 

Chieh。  In ch。 82 of the SHIH CHI we read:  〃T‘ien Tan openly 

said:   'My only fear is that the Yen army may cut off the noses 

of their Ch‘i prisoners and place them in the front rank to fight 

against us; that would be the undoing of our city。'   The other 

side being informed of this speech;  at once acted on the 

suggestion;  but those within the city were enraged at seeing 

their fellow…countrymen thus mutilated; and fearing only lest 

they should fall into the enemy's hands; were nerved to defend 

themselves more obstinately than ever。  Once again T‘ien Tan sent 

back converted spies who reported these words to the enemy:  

〃What I dread most is that the men of Yen may dig up the 

ancestral tombs outside the town;  and by inflicting   this 

indignity on our forefathers cause us to become faint…hearted。'  

Forthwith the besiegers dug up all the graves and burned the 

corpses lying in them。  And the inhabitants of Chi…mo; witnessing 

the outrage from the city…walls; wept passionately and were all 

impatient to go out and fight;  their fury being increased 

tenfold。  T‘ien Tan knew then that his soldiers were ready for 

any enterprise。  But instead of a sword;   he himself too a 

mattock in his hands; and ordered others to be distributed 

amongst his best warriors; while the ranks were filled up with 

their wives and concubines。  He then served out all the remaining 

rations and bade his men eat their fill。  The regular soldiers 

were told to keep out of sight; and the walls were manned with 

the old and weaker men and with women。  This done;  envoys were 

dispatched to the enemy's camp to arrange terms of surrender; 

whereupon the Yen army began shouting for joy。  T‘ien Tan also 

collected 20;000 ounces of silver from the people; and got the 

wealthy citizens of Chi…mo to send it to the Yen general with the 

prayer that;  when the town capitulated; he would allow their 

homes to be plundered or their women to be maltreated。  Ch‘i 

Chieh; in high good humor; granted their prayer; but his army now 

became increasingly slack and careless。  Meanwhile; T‘ien Tan got 

together a thousand oxen; decked them with pieces of red silk; 

painted their bodies; dragon…like; with colored stripes;  and 

fastened sharp blades on their horns and well…greased rushes on 

their tails。  When night came on; he lighted the ends of the 

rushes; and drove the oxen through a number of holes which he had 

pierced in the walls; backing them up with a force of 5000 picked 

warriors。  The animals; maddened with pain;   dashed furiously 

into the enemy's camp where they caused the utmost confusion and 

dismay; for their tails acted as torches; showing up the hideous 

pattern on their bodies; and the weapons on their horns killed or 

wounded any with whom they came into contact。  In the meantime; 

the band of 5000 had crept up with gags in their mouths; and now 

threw themselves on the enemy。  At the same moment a frightful 

din arose in the city itself; all those that remained behind 

making as much noise as possible by banging drums and hammering 

on bronze vessels; until heaven and earth were convulsed by the 

uproar。  Terror…stricken; the Yen army fled in disorder;  hotly 

pursued by the men of Ch‘i; who succeeded in slaying their 

general Ch‘i Chien。。。。  The result of the battle was the ultimate 

recovery of some seventy cities which had belonged to the Ch‘i 

State。〃'



Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are 

si
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