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the spirit of laws-第179章

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33。 The Franks; the Visigoths; and Burgundians。

34。 It was finished in 438。

35。 The 20th year of the reign of this prince; and published two years after by Anian; as appears from the preface to that code。

36。 The year 504 of the Spanish era; the Chronicle of Isidorus。

37。 Francum; aut Barbarum; aut hominem qui Salica lege vivit。  Salic Law; tit。 45; § 1。

38。 〃According to the Roman law under which the church lives;〃 as is said in the law of the Ripuarians; tit。 58; § 1。 See also the numberless authorities on this head pronounced by Du Cange; under the words Lex Romana。

39。 See the Capitularies added to the Salic law in Lindembrock; at the end of that law; and the different codes of the laws of the Barbarians concerning the privileges of ecclesiastics in this respect。 See also the letter of Charlemagne to his son Pepin; King of Italy; in the year 807; in the edition of Baluzius; i; 462; where it is said; that an ecclesiastic should receive a triple compensation; and the Collection of the Capitularies; v; art。 302; i。 Edition of Baluzius。

40。 See that law。

41。 Of this I shall speak in another place; xxx。 6…9。

42。 Agobard; Opera。

43。 See Gervais of Tilbury; in Duchesne's Collection; iii; p。 366。 And a chronicle of the year 759; produced by Catel; Hist。 of Languedoc。 And the uncertain author of the Life of Louis the Debonnaire; upon the demand made by the people of Septimania; at the assembly in Carisiaco; in Duchesne's Collection; ii; p。 316。

44。 Art。 16。 See also art。 20。

45。 See arts。 12 and 16 of the edict of Pistes in Cavilono; in Narbona; &c。

46。 See what Machiavelli says of the ruin of the ancient nobility of Florence。

47。 He began to reign in the year 642。

48。 〃We will no longer be harassed either by foreign or by the Roman laws。〃  Law of the Visigoths; ii; tit。 1; §§ 9; 10。

49。 Law of the Visigoths; iii; tit。 1; 1。

50。 See Book iv。 19; 26。

51。 The revolt of these provinces was a general defection; as appears by the sentence in the sequel of the history。 Paulus and his adherents were Romans; they were even favoured by the bishops。 Vamba durst not put to death the rebels whom he had quelled。 The author of the history calls Narbonne Gaul the nursery of treason。

52。 De Bello Gothorum; i。 13。

53。 Capitularies; vi; 343; year 1613; edition of Baluzius; i; p。 981。

54。 M。 de la Thaumassière has collected many of them。 See; for instance; chapters 41; 46; and others。

55。 Missi Dominici。

56。 Let not the bishops; says Charles the Bald; in the Capitulary of 844; art。 8; under pretence of the authority of making canons; oppose this constitution; or neglect the observance of it。 It seems he already foresaw the fall thereof。

57。 In the collection of canons a vast number of the decretals of the popes were inserted; they were very few in the ancient collection。 Dionysius Exiguus put a great many into his; but that of Isidorus Mercator was stuffed with genuine and spurious decretals。 The old collection obtained in France till Charlemagne。 This prince received from the hand of Pope Adrian I the collection of Dionysius Exiguus; and caused it to be accepted。 The collection of Isidorus Mercator appeared in France about the reign of Charlemagne; people grew passionately fond of it: to this succeeded what we now call the course of canon law。

58。 See the edict of Pistes; art。 20。

59。 This is expressly set down in some preambles to these codes: we even find in the laws of the Saxons and Frisians different regulations; according to the different districts。 To these usages were added some particular regulations suitable to the exigency of circumstances; such were the severe laws against the Saxons。

60。 Of this I shall speak elsewhere (xxx。 14)。

61。 Preface to Marculfus; Formul?。

62。 Law of the Lombards; ii; tit。 58; § 3。

63。 Ibid。; tit。 41; § 6。

64。 Life of St。 Leger。

65。 Law of the Lombards; ii; tit。 41; § 6。

66。 See chapter 5。

67。 This relates to what Tacitus says。 De Moribus Germanorum; 28; that the Germans had general and particular customs。

68。 Law of the Ripuarians; tit。 6; 7; 8; and others。

69。 Ibid。; tit。 11; 12; 17。

70。 It was when an accusation was brought against an Antrustio; that is; the king's vassal; who was supposed to be possessed of a greater degree of liberty。 See Pactus legis Salic?; tit。 76。

71。 Ibid。

72。 According to the practice now followed in England。

73。 Tit。 32; tit。 57; § 2; tit。 59; § 4。

74。 See the following note。

75。 This spirit appears in the Law of Ripuarians; tit。 59; § 4; and tit。 67; § 5; and in the Capitulary of Louis the Debonnaire; added to the law of the Ripuarians in the year 803; art。 22。

76。 See that law。

77。 The law of the Frisians; Lombards; Bavarians; Saxons; Thuringians; and Burgundians。

78。 In the Law of the Burgundians; tit。 8; §§ 1 and 2; on criminal affairs; and tit。 45; which extends also to civil affairs。 See also the law of the Thuringians; tit。 1; § 31; tit。 7; § 6; and tit。 8; and the law of the Alemans; tit。 89; the law of the Bavarians; tit。 8; cap。 ii; § 6; and cap。 iii; § 1; and tit。 9; cap。 iv; § 4; the law of the Frisians; tit。 2; § 3; and tit。 14; § 4; the law of the Lombards; i; tit。 32; § 3; and tit。 35; § 1; and ii; tit。 35; § 2。

79。 See cap。 xviii; towards the end。

80。 As also some other laws of the Barbarians。

81。 Tit。 56。

82。 Ibid。

83。 This appears by what Tacitus says; Omnibus idem habitus。  De Moribus Germanorum; 4。

84。 Velleius Paterculus; ii。 118; says that the Germans decided all their disputes by the sword。

85。 See the codes of Barbarian laws; and in respect to less ancient times; Beaumanoir; Ancient Custom of Beauvoisis。

86。 Law of the Burgundians; cap。 xlv。

87。 See the works of Agobard。

88。 See Beaumanoir; Ancient Customs of Beauvoisis; 61。 See also the Law of the Angli; cap。 xiv; where the trial by boiling water is only a subsidiary proof。

89。 Tit。 14。

90。 Cap。 xxxi; § 5。

91。 See this law; tit。 59; § 4; and tit。 67; § 5。

92。 Law of the Lombards; ii; tit。 55; cap。 xxxiv。

93。 The year 962。

94。 Law of the Lombards; ii; tit。 55; cap。 xxxiv。

95。 It was held in the year 967; in the presence of Pope John XIII and of the Emperor Otho I。

96。 Otho II's uncle; son to Rodolphus; and King of Transjurian Burgundy。

97。 In the year 988。

98。 Law of the Lombards; ii; tit。 55; cap。 xxxiv。

99。 Ibid。; § 33。 In the copy that Muratori made use of it is attributed to the Emperor Guido。

100。 Ibid。; § 23。

101。 Cassiodorus; iii。 23; 24。

102。 The anonymous author of the life of Louis the Debonnaire。

103。 See in the Law of the Lombards; i; tit。 4; and tit。 9; § 23; and ii; tit。 35 §§ 4 and 5; and tit。 55 §§ 1;2;3。 The regulations of Rotharis; and in § 15; that of Luitprandus。

104。 Ibid。; ii; tit。 55; § 23。

105。 The judicial oaths were made at that time in the churches; and during the first race of our kings there was a chapel set apart in the royal palace for the affairs that were to be thus decided。 See Marculfus; Formul? i。 38。 The Law of the Ripuarians; tit。 59; § 4; tit。 65; § 5。 The History of Gregory of Tours; and the Capitulary of the year 803; ad
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