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to scorn any immediate realization of the Marxian dream； while Tolstoyan
utopias and Kropotkinian communistic unions of shop and farm are too
wild to merit consideration。 The coming status which Mr。 Ghent depicts is
a class domination by the capitalists。 Labor will take its definite place as a
dependent class； living in a condition of machine servitude fairly
analogous to the land servitude of the Middle Ages。 That is to say； labor
will be bound to the machine； though less harshly； in fashion somewhat
similar to that in which the earlier serf was bound to the soil。 As he says；
〃Bondage to the land was the basis of villeinage in the old regime；
bondage to the job will be the basis of villeinage in the new。〃
At the top of the new society will tower the magnate； the new feudal
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baron； at the bottom will be found the wastrels and the inefficients。 The
new society he grades as follows：
〃I。 The barons； graded on the basis of possessions。
〃II。 The court agents and retainers。 （This class will include the editors
of 'respectable' and 'safe' newspapers； the pastors of 'conservative' and
'wealthy' churches； the professors and teachers in endowed colleges and
schools； lawyers generally； and most judges and politicians）。
〃III。 The workers in pure and applied science； artists； and physicians。
〃IV。 The entrepreneurs； the managers of the great industries；
transformed into a salaried class。
〃V。 The foremen and superintendents。 This class has heretofore been
recruited largely from the skilled workers； but with the growth of technical
education in schools and colleges； and the development of fixed caste； it is
likely to become entirely differentiated。
〃VI。 The villeins of the cities and towns； more or less regularly
employed； who do skilled work and are partially protected by
organization。
〃VII。 The villeins of the cities and towns who do unskilled work and
are unprotected by organization。 They will comprise the laborers；
domestics； and clerks。
〃VIII。 The villeins of the manorial estates； of the great farms； the
mines； and the forests。
〃IX。 The small…unit farmers （land…owning）； the petty tradesmen； and
manufacturers。
〃X。 The subtenants of the manorial estates and great farms
（corresponding to the class of 'free tenants' in the old Feudalism）。
〃XI。 The cotters。
〃XII。 The tramps； the occasionally employed； the unemployedthe
wastrels of the city and country。〃
〃The new Feudalism； like most autocracies； will foster not only the
arts； but also certain kinds of learningparticularly the kinds which are
unlikely to disturb the minds of the multitude。 A future Marsh； or Cope； or
Le Comte will be liberally patronized and left free to discover what he will；
and so； too； an Edison or a Marconi。 Only they must not meddle with
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War of the Classes
anything relating to social science。〃
It must be confessed that Mr。 Ghent's arguments are cunningly
contrived and arrayed。 They must be read to be appreciated。 As an
example of his style； which at the same time generalizes a portion of his
argument； the following may well be given：
〃The new Feudalism will be but an orderly outgrowth of present
tendencies and conditions。 All societies evolve naturally out of their
predecessors。 In sociology； as in biology； there is no cell without a parent
cell。 The society of each generation develops a multitude of spontaneous
and acquired variations； and out of these； by a blending process of natural
and conscious selection； the succeeding society is evolved。 The new order
will differ in no important respects from the present； except in the
completer development of its more salient features。 The visitor from
another planet who had known the old and should see the new would note
but few changes。 Alter et Idemanother yet the samehe would say。 From
magnate to baron； from workman to villein； from publicist to court agent
and retainer； will be changes of state and function so slight as to elude all
but the keenest eyes。〃
And in conclusion； to show how benevolent and beautiful this new
feudalism of ours will be； Mr。 Ghent says： 〃Peace and stability it will
maintain at all hazards； and the mass； remembering the chaos； the turmoil；
the insecurity of the past； will bless its reign。 。 。 。 Efficiencythe faculty of
getting thingsis at last rewarded as it should be； for the efficient have
inherited the earth and its fulness。 The lowly； whose happiness is greater
and whose welfare is more thoroughly conserved when governed than
when governing； as a twentieth…century philosopher said of them； are
settled and happy in the state which reason and experience teach is their
God…appointed lot。 They are comfortable too； and if the patriarchal ideal
of a vine and fig tree for each is not yet attained； at least each has his
rented patch in the country or his rented cell in a city building。 Bread and
the circus are freely given to the deserving； and as for the undeserving；
they are merely reaping the rewards of their contumacy and pride。 Order
reigns； each has his justly appointed share； and the state rests； in security；
'lapt in universal law。'〃
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Mr。 Brooks； on the other hand； sees rising and dissolving and rising
again in the social flux the ominous forms of a new society which is the
direct antithesis of a benevolent feudalism。 He trembles at the rash
intrepidity of the capitalists who fight the labor unions； for by such
rashness he greatly fears that labor will be driven to express its aims and
strength in political terms； which terms will inevitably be socialistic terms。
To keep down the rising tide of socialism； he preaches greater
meekness and benevolence to the c