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rupted complaints of inuriam causa； and got the answer that his wife was an excellent soul； but； ‘‘gets the devil in her during her monthlies； and tries to find occasions for quarrels with everybody and finds herself immediately much insulted。''
＇1a＇ Der sensitive Mensch。
A still more suspicious quality than the empty capacity for anger is pointed out by Lombroso；＇1＇ who says that woman during menstruation is inclined to anger and to falsification。 In this regard Lombroso may be correct； inasmuch as the lie may be combined with the other qualities here observed。 We often note that most honorable women lie in the most shameless fashion。 If we find no other motive and we know that the woman periodically gets into an abnormal condition； we are at least justified in the presupposition that the two are coordinate； and that the periodic condition is cause of the otherwise rare feminine lie。 Here also； we are required to be cautious； and if we hear significant and not otherwise confirmed assertions from women； we must bear in mind that they may be due to menstruation。
＇1＇ C。 Lombroso and G。 Ferrero。 The Female Offender。
But we may go still further。 Du Saulle＇1＇ asserts on the basis of far…reaching investigations； that a significant number of thefts in Parisian shops are committed frequently by the most elegant ladies during their menstrual period； and this in no fewer than 35 cases out of 36； while 10 more cases occurred at the beginning of the period。
＇1＇ La Folie devant les Tribunaux Paris 1864。 Traitgale。 Paris 1873。
Other authorities＇2＇ who have studied this matter have shown how the presentation of objects women much desire leads to theft。 Grant that during her mensis the woman is in a more excitable and less actively resisting condition； and it may follow she might be easily overpowered by the seductive quality of pretty jewelry and other knickknacks。 This possibility leads us； however； to remoter conclusions。 Women desire more than merely pretty things； and are less able to resist their desires during their periods。 If they are less able to resist in such things； they are equally less able to resist in other things。 In handling those thefts which were formerly called kleptomaniac； and which； in spite of the refusal to use this term； are undeniable； it is customary； if they recur repeatedly； to see whether pregnancy is not the cause。 It is well to consider also the influence of menstruation。
＇2＇ Les Voleuses des Grands Magazins。 Archives d'Anthropologie Criminelle XVI； 1； 341 （1901）。
Menstruation may bring women even to the most terrible crimes。 Various authors cite numerous examples in which otherwise sensible women have been driven to the most inconceivable thingsin many cases to murder。 Certainly such crimes will be much more numerous if the abnormal tendency is unknown to the friends of the woman； who should watch her carefully during this short； dangerous period。
The fact is familiar that the disturbances of menstruation lead to abnormal psychoses。 This type of mental disease develops so quietly that in numerous cases the maladies are overlooked； and hence it is more easily possible； since they are transitive； to interpret them commonly as ‘‘nervous excitement；'' or to pay no attention to them； although they need it。＇1＇
＇1＇ A。 Schwob： Les Psychoses Menstruelles au Point du Vue Medico…legal。 Lyon； 1895。
Section 67。 （c） Pregnancy。
We may speak of the conditions and effects of pregnancy very briefly。 The doubt of pregnancy will be much less frequent than that of menstruation； for the powerful influence of pregnancy on the psychic life of woman is well…known； and it is hence the more important to call in the physician in cases of crimes committed by pregnant women； or in cases of important testimony to be given by such women。 But； indeed； the frequently obvious remarkable desires； the significant conduct； and the extraordinary； often cruel； impulses； which influence pregnant women； and for the appearance of which the physician is to be called in； are not the only thing。 The most difficult and most far…reaching conditions of pregnancy are the purely psychical ones which manifest themselves in the sometimes slight； sometimes more obvious alterations in the woman's point of view and capacity for producing an event。 In themselves they seem of little importance； but they occasion such a change in the attitude of an individual toward a happening which she must describe to the judge； that the change may cause a change in the judgment。 I repeat here also； that it may be theoretically said； ‘‘The witness must tell us facts； and only facts；'' but this is not really so。 Quite apart from the fact that the statement of any perception contains a judgment； it depends also and always on the point of view； and this varies with the emotional state。 If； then； we have never experienced any of the emotional alteration to which a pregnant woman is subject； we must be able to interpret it logically in order to hit on the correct thing。 We set aside the altered somatic conditions of the mother； the disturbance of the conditions of nutrition and circulation； we need clearly to understand what it means to have assumed care about a developing creature； to know that a future life is growing up fortunately or unfortunately； and is capable of bringing joy or sorrow； weal or woe to its parents。 The woman knows that her condition is an endangerment of her own life； that it brings at least pains； sufferings； and difficulties （as a rule； overestimated by the pregnant woman）。 Involuntarily she feels； whether she be educated or uneducated； the secrecy； the elusiveness of the growing life she bears； the life which is to come out into the world； and to bring its mother's into jeopardy thereby。 She feels nearer death； and the various tendencies which are attached to this feeling are determined by the nature and the conditions of each particular future mother's sensations。 How different may be the feeling of a poor abandoned bride who is expecting a child； from that of a young woman who knows that she is to bring into the world the eagerly…desired heir of name and fortune。 Consider the difference between the feeling of a sickly proletarian； richly blessed with children； who knows that the new child is an unwelcome superfluity whose birth may perhaps rob the other helpless children of their mother； with the feeling of a comfortable； thoroughly healthy woman； who finds no difference between having three or having four children。
And if these feelings are various； must they not be so intense and so far…reaching as to influence the attitude of the woman toward some event she has observed？ It may be objected that the subjective attitude of a witness will never influence a judge； who can easily discover the objective truth in the one…sided observation of an event。 But let us not deceive ourselves； let us take things as they are。 Subjective attitude may become objective falsehood in spite of the best endeavor of the witness； and the examiner may fail altogether to distinguish between what is truth and what poetry。 Further； in many instances the witness must be questioned