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ERNEST。 Do you really mean that？
GILBERT。 Yes； for creation limits； while contemplation widens； the vision。
ERNEST。 But what about technique？ Surely each art has its separate technique？
GILBERT。 Certainly： each art has its grammar and its materials。 There is no mystery about either； and the incompetent can always be correct。 But； while the laws upon which Art rests may be fixed and certain； to find their true realisation they must be touched by the imagination into such beauty that they will seem an exception； each one of them。 Technique is really personality。 That is the reason why the artist cannot teach it； why the pupil cannot learn it； and why the aesthetic critic can understand it。 To the great poet； there is only one method of music … his own。 To the great painter； there is only one manner of painting … that which he himself employs。 The aesthetic critic； and the aesthetic critic alone； can appreciate all forms and modes。 It is to him that Art makes her appeal。
ERNEST。 Well； I think I have put all my questions to you。 And now I must admit …
GILBERT。 Ah！ don't say that you agree with me。 When people agree with me I always feel that I must be wrong。
ERNEST。 In that case I certainly won't tell you whether I agree with you or not。 But I will put another question。 You have explained to me that criticism is a creative art。 What future has it？
GILBERT。 It is to criticism that the future belongs。 The subject… matter at the disposal of creation becomes every day more limited in extent and variety。 Providence and Mr。 Walter Besant have exhausted the obvious。 If creation is to last at all； it can only do so on the condition of becoming far more critical than it is at present。 The old roads and dusty highways have been traversed too often。 Their charm has been worn away by plodding feet； and they have lost that element of novelty or surprise which is so essential for romance。 He who would stir us now by fiction must either give us an entirely new background； or reveal to us the soul of man in its innermost workings。 The first is for the moment being done for us by Mr。 Rudyard Kipling。 As one turns over the pages of his PLAIN TALES FROM THE HILLS； one feels as if one were seated under a palm…tree reading life by superb flashes of vulgarity。 The bright colours of the bazaars dazzle one's eyes。 The jaded； second…rate Anglo…Indians are in exquisite incongruity with their surroundings。 The mere lack of style in the story…teller gives an odd journalistic realism to what he tells us。 From the point of view of literature Mr。 Kipling is a genius who drops his aspirates。 From the point of view of life； he is a reporter who knows vulgarity better than any one has ever known it。 Dickens knew its clothes and its comedy。 Mr。 Kipling knows its essence and its seriousness。 He is our first authority on the second…rate； and has seen marvellous things through keyholes； and his backgrounds are real works of art。 As for the second condition； we have had Browning； and Meredith is with us。 But there is still much to be done in the sphere of introspection。 People sometimes say that fiction is getting too morbid。 As far as psychology is concerned； it has never been morbid enough。 We have merely touched the surface of the soul； that is all。 In one single ivory cell of the brain there are stored away things more marvellous and more terrible than even they have dreamed of； who； like the author of LE ROUGE ET LE NOIR； have sought to track the soul into its most secret places； and to make life confess its dearest sins。 Still； there is a limit even to the number of untried backgrounds； and it is possible that a further development of the habit of introspection may prove fatal to that creative faculty to which it seeks to supply fresh material。 I myself am inclined to think that creation is doomed。 It springs from too primitive； too natural an impulse。 However this may be； it is certain that the subject… matter at the disposal of creation is always diminishing； while the subject…matter of criticism increases daily。 There are always new attitudes for the mind； and new points of view。 The duty of imposing form upon chaos does not grow less as the world advances。 There was never a time when Criticism was more needed than it is now。 It is only by its means that Humanity can become conscious of the point at which it has arrived。
Hours ago； Ernest； you asked me the use of Criticism。 You might just as well have asked me the use of thought。 It is Criticism； as Arnold points out； that creates the intellectual atmosphere of the age。 It is Criticism； as I hope to point out myself some day； that
makes the mind a fine instrument。 We； in our educational system； have burdened the memory with a load of unconnected facts； and laboriously striven to impart our laboriously…acquired knowledge。 We teach people how to remember； we never teach them how to grow。 It has never occurred to us to try and develop in the mind a more subtle quality of apprehension and discernment。 The Greeks did this； and when we come in contact with the Greek critical intellect； we cannot but be conscious that； while our subject… matter is in every respect larger and more varied than theirs； theirs is the only method by which this subject…matter can be interpreted。 England has done one thing； it has invented and established Public Opinion； which is an attempt to organise the ignorance of the community； and to elevate it to the dignity of physical force。 But Wisdom has always been hidden from it。 Considered as an instrument of thought； the English mind is coarse and undeveloped。 The only thing that can purify it is the growth of the critical instinct。
It is Criticism； again； that； by concentration； makes culture possible。 It takes the cumbersome mass of creative work； and distils it into a finer essence。 Who that desires to retain any sense of form could struggle through the monstrous multitudinous books that the world has produced； books in which thought stammers or ignorance brawls？ The thread that is to guide us across the wearisome labyrinth is in the hands of Criticism。 Nay more； where there is no record； and history is either lost； or was never written； Criticism can re…create the past for us from the very smallest fragment of language or art； just as surely as the man of science can from some tiny bone； or the mere impress of a foot upon a rock； re…create for us the winged dragon or Titan lizard that once made the earth shake beneath its tread； can call Behemoth out of his cave； and make Leviathan swim once more across the startled sea。 Prehistoric history belongs to the philological and archaeological critic。 It is to him that the origins of things are revealed。 The self…conscious deposits of an age are nearly always misleading。 Through philological criticism alone we know more of the centuries of which no actual record has been preserved； than we do of the centuries that have left us their scrolls。 It can do for us what can be done neither by physics nor metaphysics。 It can give us the exact science of mind in the process of becoming。 It can do for us what History cannot do。 It can tell us what man thought