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prospect for the immediate future； also provisionally。 As is true
between individuals； so also among the nations； peace means the
same thing as Live and Let Live； which also means the same thing
as a world made safe for democracy。 And the rule of Live and Let
Live means the discontinuance of animosity and discrimination
between the nations。 Therefore it involves the disallowance of
such incompatible national pretensions as are likely to afford
ground for international grievances； which comes near
involving the disallowance of all those claims and perquisites
that habitually go in under the captions of 〃national
self…determination〃 and 〃national integrity；〃 as these phrases
are employed in diplomatic intercourse。 At the same time it
involves the disallowance of all those class pretensions and
vested interests that make for dissension within the nation。
Ill…will is not a practicable basis of peace； whether within the
nation or between the nations。 So much is plain matter of course。
What may be the chances of peace and war； at home and abroad； in
the light of these blunt and obvious principles taken in
conjunction with the diplomatic negotiations now going forward at
home and abroad； all that is sufficiently perplexing。
At home in America for the transient time being； the war
administration has under pressure of necessity somewhat loosened
the strangle…hold of the vested interests on the country's
industry； and in so doing it has shocked the safe and sane
business men into a state of indignant trepidation and has at the
same time doubled the country's industrial output。 But all that
has avowedly been only for the transient time being； 〃for the
period of the war；〃 as a distasteful concession to demands that
would not wait。 So that the country now faces a return to the
precarious conditions of a provisional peace on the lines of the
status quo ante。 Already the vested interests are again
tightening their hold and are busily arranging for a return to
business as usual； which means working at cross…purposes as
usual； waste of work and materials as usual； restriction of
output as usual； unemployment as usual； labor quarrels as usual；
competitive selling as usual； mendacious advertising as usual；
waste of superfluities as usual by the kept classes； and
privation as usual for the common man。 All of which may
conceivably be put up with by this people 〃lest a worse evil
befall；〃 All this runs blamelessly in under the rule of Live and
Let Live as interpreted in the light of those enlightened
principles of self…help that have come down from the eighteenth
century and that go to make up the established scheme of law and
order； although it does not meet the needs of the same rule as it
would be enforced by the exigencies of the new order in industry。
Meanwhile； abroad； the gentlemen of the old school who direct
the affairs of the nations are laying down the lines on which
peace is to be established and maintained； with a painstaking
regard for all those national pretensions and discriminations
that have always made for international embroilment； and with an
equally painstaking disregard for all those exigencies of the new
order that call for a de facto observance of the rule of Live and
Let Live。 It is notorious beyond need of specification that the
new order in industry； even more insistently than any industrial
situation that has gone before； calls for a wide and free
intercourse in trade and industry； regardless of national
frontiers and national jealousies。 In this connection a national
frontier； as it is commonly made use of in current statecraft； is
a line of demarkation for working at cross…purposes； for mutual
obstruction and distrust； it is only necessary to recall that the
erection of a new national frontier across any community which
has previously enjoyed the privilege of free intercourse
unburdened with customs frontiers will be felt to be a grievous
burden； and that the erection of such a line of demarkation for
other diplomatic work at mutual cross…purposes is likewise an
unmistakable nuisance。
Yet； in the peace negotiations now going forward the
gentlemen of the old school to whom the affairs of the nations
have been 〃entrusted〃 by shrewd management on their own part
continue to safeguard all this apparatus of mutual defeat and
distrust； and indeed this is the chief or sole object of their
solicitude； as it also is the chief or sole object of those
vested interests for whose benefit the diplomatic gentlemen of
the old school continue to manage the affairs of the nations。
The state of the case is plainly to be seen in the proposals
of those nationalities that are now coming forward with a new
claim to national self…determination； invariably any examination
of the bill of particulars set up by the spokesmen of these
proposed new national establishments will show that the material
point of it all is an endeavor to set up a national apparatus for
working at mutual cross…purposes with their neighbors； to add
something to the waste and confusion caused by the national
discriminations already in force； to violate the rule of Live and
Let Live at some new point and by some further apparatus of
discomfort。
There are nationalities that get along well enough； to all
appearance； without being 〃nations〃 in that militant and
obstructive fashion that is aimed at in these projected creations
of the diplomatic nation…makers。 Such are the Welsh and the
Scotch； for instance。 But it is not the object…lesson of Welsh or
Scottish experience that guides the new projects。 The
nationalities which are now escaping from a rapacious imperialism
of the old order are being organized and managed by the safe and
sane gentlemen of the old school； who have got their notions of
safety and sanity from the diplomatic intrigue of that outworn
imperialism out of which these oppressed nationalities aim to
escape。 And these gentlemen of the old school are making no move
in the direction of tolerance and good will as how should they
when all their conceptions of what is right and expedient are the
diplomatic preconceptions of the old regime。 They； being
gentlemen of the old school； will have none of that amicable and
unassuming nationality which contents the Welsh and the Scotch
who have tried out this matter and have in the end come to hold
fast only so much of their national pretensions as will do no
material harm。 What is aimed at is not a disallowance of bootless
national jealousies； but only a shift from an intolerable
imperialism on a large scale to an ersatz…imperialism drawn on a
smaller scale； conducted on the same general lines of competitive
diplomacy and serving interests of the same general kind
vested interests of business or of privilege。
The projected new nations are not patterned on the Welsh or
the Scottish model； but for all that there is nothing novel in
their design； and how should there be when they are the offspring
of the imagination of these safe and sane gentlemen of the old
school fertilis