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commonly called Keldon。
Colchester is an ancient corporation。 The town is large； very
populous； the streets fair and beautiful； and though it may not
said to be finely built； yet there are abundance of very good and
well…built houses in it。 It still mourns in the ruins of a civil
war； during which； or rather after the heat of the war was over； it
suffered a severe siege； which； the garrison making a resolute
defence； was turned into a blockade； in which the garrison and
inhabitants also suffered the utmost extremity of hunger； and were
at last obliged to surrender at discretion； when their two chief
officers； Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle； were shot to
death under the castle wall。 The inhabitants had a tradition that
no grass would grow upon the spot where the blood of those two
gallant gentlemen was spilt； and they showed the place bare of
grass for many years； but whether for this reason I will not
affirm。 The story is now dropped； and the grass； I suppose； grows
there； as in other places。
However； the battered walls； the breaches in the turrets； and the
ruined churches； still remain； except that the church of St。 Mary
（where they had the royal fort） is rebuilt； but the steeple； which
was two…thirds battered down； because the besieged had a large
culverin upon it that did much execution； remains still in that
condition。
There is another church which bears the marks of those times；
namely； on the south side of the town； in the way to the Hythe； of
which more hereafter。
The lines of contravallation； with the forts built by the
besiegers； and which surrounded the whole town； remain very visible
in many places； but the chief of them are demolished。
The River Colne； which passes through this town； compasses it on
the north and east sides； and served in those times for a complete
defence on those sides。 They have three bridges over it； one
called North Bridge； at the north gate； by which the road leads
into Suffolk； one called East Bridge； at the foot of the High
Street； over which lies the road to Harwich； and one at the Hythe；
as above。
The river is navigable within three miles of the town for ships of
large burthen； a little lower it may receive even a royal navy； and
up to that part called the Hythe； close to the houses； it is
navigable for hoys and small barques。 This Hythe is a long street；
passing from west to east； on the south side of the town。 At the
west end of it； there is a small intermission of the buildings； but
not much； and towards the river it is very populous （it may be
called the Wapping of Colchester）。 There is one church in that
part of the town； a large quay by the river； and a good custom…
house。
The town may be said chiefly to subsist by the trade of making
bays； which is known over most of the trading parts of Europe by
the name of Colchester Bays； though indeed all the towns round
carry on the same trade … namely； Kelvedon； Witham； Coggeshall；
Braintree； Bocking； &c。； and the whole county； large as it is； may
be said to be employed； and in part maintained； by the spinning of
wool for the bay trade of Colchester and its adjacent towns。 The
account of the siege； A。D。 1648； with a diary of the most
remarkable passages； are as follows； which I had from so good a
hand as that I have no reason to question its being a true
relation。
A Diary： Or； An Account Of The Siege And Blockade Of Colchester；
A。D。 1648。
On the 4th of June； we were alarmed in the town of Colchester that
the Lord Goring； the Lord Capel； and a body of two thousand of the
loyal party； who had been in arms in Kent； having left a great body
of an army in possession of Rochester Bridge； where they resolved
to fight the Lord Fairfax and the Parliament army； had given the
said General Fairfax the slip； and having passed the Thames at
Greenwich； were come to Stratford； and were advancing this way；
upon which news； Sir Charles Lucas； Sir George Lisle； Colonel Cook；
and several gentlemen of the loyal army； and all that had
commissions from the king； with a gallant appearance of gentlemen
volunteers； drew together from all parts of the country to join
with them。
The 8th； we were further informed that they were advanced to
Chelmsford； to New Hall House； and to Witham； and the 9th some of
the horse arrived in the town； taking possession of the gates； and
having engineers with them； told us that General Goring had
resolved to make this town his headquarters； and would cause it to
be well fortified。 They also caused the drums to beat for
volunteers； and a good number of the poor bay…weavers； and such…
like people； wanting employment； enlisted； so that they completed
Sir Charles Lucas's regiment； which was but thin； to near eight
hundred men。
On the 10th we had news that the Lord Fairfax； having beaten the
Royalists at Maidstone； and retaken Rochester； had passed the
Thames at Gravesend； though with great difficulty； and with some
loss； and was come to Horndon…on…the…Hill； in order to gain
Colchester before the Royalists； but that hearing Sir Charles Lucas
had prevented him； had ordered his rendezvous at Billerecay； and
intended to possess the pass at Malden on the 11th； where Sir
Thomas Honnywood； with the county…trained bands； was to be the same
day。
The same evening the Lord Goring； with all his forces； making about
five thousand six hundred men； horse and foot； came to Colchester；
and encamping without the suburbs； under command of the cannon of
St。 Mary's fort； made disposition to fight the Parliament forces if
they came up。
The 12th； the Lord Goring came into Colchester； viewed the fort in
St。 Mary's churchyard； ordered more cannon to be planted upon it；
posted two regiments in the suburbs without the head gate； let the
town know he would take them into his Majesty's protection； and
that he would fight the enemy in that situation。 The same evening
the Lord Fairfax； with a strong party of one thousand horse； came
to Lexden； at two small miles' distance； expecting the rest of his
army there the same night。
The Lord Goring brought in prisoners the same day； Sir William
Masham； and several other gentlemen of the county； who were secured
under a strong guard； which the Parliament hearing； ordered twenty
prisoners of the royal party to be singled out； declaring； that
they should be used in the same manner as the Lord Goring used Sir
William Masham； and the gentlemen prisoners with him。
On the 13th； early in the morning； our spies brought intelligence
that the Lord Fairfax； all his forces being come up to him； was
making dispositions for a march； resolving to attack the Royalists
in their camp； upon which； the Lord Goring drew all his forces
together； resolving to fight。 The engineers had offered the night
before to entrench his camp； and to draw a line round it in one
night's time； but his lordship declined it； and now there w