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virtue of the fact that it took as its constitutive principle either existence for itself； or mere being in
itself； for both are equally essential moments of its life： that dual way of judging； above discussed；
presented those principles as separated； and contained； therefore； merely abstract ways of
judging。 Concrete actual conscious life has within it both principles； and the distinction between its
forms falls solely within its own nature； viz。 inside the relation of itself to the real。
（b） The Cleavage of Self…consciousness ： Nobility and Baseness
This relation takes opposite forms； in the one there is an active attitude towards state…power and
wealth as to something with which it is in accord； in the other it is related to these realities as to
something with which it is at variance。 A conscious life which finds itself at one with them has the
attribute of Nobility。 In the case of the public authority of the state； it regards what is in accord
with itself； and sees that it has there its own nature pure and simple and the sphere for the exercise
of its own powers； and stands in the position of actually rendering obedient service in its interests；
as well as that of inner reverence towards it。 In the same way in the sphere of wealth； it sees that
wealth secures for it the consciousness of self…existence； of realizing the other essential aspect of
its nature： hence it looks upon wealth likewise as something essential in relation to itself ；
acknowledges him from whence the enjoyment comes as a benefactor； and。 considers itself under
a debt of obligation。
The conscious life involved in the other relation； again； that of disagreement； has the attribute of
Baseness。 It holds to its discordance with both those essential elements。 It looks upon the
authoritative power of the state as a chain； as something suppressing its separate existence for its
own sake； and hence hates the ruler； obeys only with secret malice； and stands ever ready to burst
out in rebellion。 It sees； too； in wealth； by which it attains to the enjoyment of its own independent
existence； merely something discordant； i。e。 its disagreement with its permanent nature； since
through wealth it only gets a sense of its particular isolated existence and a consciousness of
passing enjoyment； since it loves wealth but despises it； and； with the disappearance of enjoyment；
of what is inherently evanescent regards its relation to the man of wealth as having ceased too。
These relations now express； in the first instance； a judgment； the determinate characterization of
what both those facts ＇state…power and wealth＇ are as objects for consciousness； not as yet what
they are in their complete objective nature （an und für sich）。 The reflexion which is presented in
this judgment is partly at first for us ＇who are philosophizing＇ an affirmation of the one
characteristic along with the other； and hence is a simultaneous cancelling of both； it is not yet the
reflexion of them for consciousness itself。 Partly； again； they are at first immediate essential entities；
they have not become this； nor is there in them consciousness of self： that for which they are is not
yet their animating principle： they are predicates which are not yet themselves subject。 On account
of this separation； the entirety of the spiritual process of judgment also breaks asunder and falls
into two modes of consciousness； each of which has a one…sided character。 Now； just as at the
outset the indifference of the two aspects in the process of self…estrangement…one of which was the
inherent essential being of pure consciousness； viz。 the determinate ideas of good and bad； the
other their actual existence in the form of state…power and wealth…passed to the stage of being
related the one to the other； passed to the level of judgment； in the same way this external relation
must be raised to the level of their inner unity； must become a relation of thought to actual reality；
and also the spirit animating both the forms of judgment will make its appearance。 This takes place
when judgment passes into inference； becomes the mediating process in which the middle term
necessitating and connecting both sides of the judgment is brought into relief。
The noble type of consciousness； then； finds itself in the judgment related to state…power； in the
sense that this power is indeed not a self as yet but at first is universal substance； in which；
however； this form of mind feels its own essential nature to exist； is conscious of its own purpose
and absolute content。 By taking up a positive relation to this substance； it assumes a negative
attitude towards its own special purposes； its particular content and individual existence； and lets
them disappear。 This type of mind is the heroism of Service； the virtue which sacrifices individual
being to the universal； and thereby brings this into existence； the type of personality which of itself
renounces possession and enjoyment； acts for the sake of the prevailing power； and in this way
becomes a concrete reality。
Through this process the universal becomes united and bound up with existence in general； just as
the individual consciousness makes itself by this renunciation essentially universal。 That from which
this consciousness estranges itself by submitting to serve is its consciousness immersed in mere
existence： but the being alienated from itself is the inherent nature。 By thus shaping its life in accord
with what is universal； it acquires a Reverence for itself； and gets reverence from others。 The
power of the state； however； which to start with was merely universal in thought； the inherent
nature； becomes through this very process universal in fact； becomes actual power。 It is actually so
only in getting that actual obedience which it obtains through self…consciousness judging it to be the
essential reality； and through the self being freely sacrificed to it。 The result of this action； binding
the essential reality and self indissolubly together； is to produce a twofold actuality — a self that is
truly actualized； and a state…power whose authority is accepted as true。
（c） Service and Advice
Owing to this alienation ＇implied in the idea of sacrifice＇ state…power； however； is not yet a
self…consciousness that knows itself as state…power。 It is merely the law of the state； its inherent
principle； that is accepted； the state…power has as yet no particular will。 For as yet the
self…consciousness rendering service has not surrendered its pure selfhood； and made it an
animating influence in the exercise of state…power； the serving attitude merely gives the state its
bare being； sacrifices merely its existence to the state； not its essential nature。 This type of
self…consciousness has a value as one that is in conformity with the essential nature； and is
acknowledged and accepted because of its inherent reality。 The others find their essential nature
operative in it； but not their independent existence — find their thinking； their pure consciousness
fulfilled； but not their specific individuality。 It has a value； therefore； in their thoughts； and is
honoured