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perform an act of adoration towards God； to instruct is to do an
act of charity。〃
〃Knowledge is the life of Islam； the column of faith。〃
Verses from the Hadith。
The lesson of the morning is now finished and we are able； without
disturbing anybody； to visit the mosque。
When we return to the great courtyard； with its battlemented walls； it
is the hour of recreation for this crowd of young men in robes and
turbans； who now emerge from the shadow of the sanctuary。
Since the early morning they have remained seated on their mats；
immersed in study and prayer； amid the confused buzzing of their
thousands of voices； and now they scatter themselves about the
contiguous Arab quarters until such time as the evening lessons
commence。 They walk along in little groups； sometimes holding one
another's hands like children； most of them carry their heads high and
raise their eyes to the heavens； although the sun which greets them
outside dazzles them a little with its rays。 They seem innumerable；
and as they pass show us faces of the most diverse types。 They come
from all quarters of the world； some from Baghdad； others from
Bassorah； from Mossul and even from the interior of Hedjaz。 Those from
the north have eyes that are bright and clear； and amongst those from
Moghreb； from Morocco and the Sahara； are many whose skins are almost
black。 But the expression of all the faces is alike： something of
ecstasy and of aloofness marks them all； the same detachment； a
preoccupation with the self…same dream。 And in the sky； to which they
raise their eyes； the heavensframed always by the battlements of El…
Azharare almost white from the excess of light； with a border of
tall； red minarets； which seem to be aglow with the refection of some
great fire。 And； watching them pass； all these young priests or
jurists； at once so different and so alike； we understand better than
before how Islam； the old； old Islam； keeps still its cohesion and its
power。
The mosque in which they pursue their studies is now almost empty。 In
its restful twilight there is silence； and the unexpected music of
little birds； it is the brooding season and the ceilings of carved
wood are full of nests； which nobody disturbs。
A world； this mosque； in which thousands of people could easily find
room。 Some hundred and fifty marble columns； brought from ancient
temples； support the arches of the seven parallel aisles。 There is no
light save that which comes through the arcade opening into the
courtyard； and it is so dark in the aisles at the far end that we
wonder again how the faithful can see to read when the sun of Egypt
happens to be veiled。
Some score of students； who seem almost lost in the vast solitude；
still remain during the hour of rest； and are busy sweeping the floor
with long palms made into a kind of broom。 These are the poor
students； whose only meal is of dry bread； and who at night stretch
themselves to sleep on the same mat on which they have sat studying
during the day。
The residence at the university is free to all the scholars； the cost
of their education and maintenance being provided by pious donations。
But； inasmuch as the bequests are restricted according to nationality；
there is necessarily inequality in the treatment doled out to the
different students： thus the young men of a given country may be
almost rich； possessing a room and a good bed； while those of a
neighbouring country must sleep on the ground and have barely enough
to keep body and soul together。 But none of them complain； and they
know how to help one another。＇*＇
＇*＇ The duration of the studies at El…Azhar varies from three to six
years。
Near to us； one of these needy students is eating； without any false
shame； his midday meal of dry bread； and he welcomes with a smile the
sparrows and the other little winged thieves who come to dispute with
him the crumbs of his repast。 And farther down； in the dimly lighted
vaults at the end； is one who disdains to eat； or who； maybe； has no
bread； who； when his sweeping is done； reseats himself on his mat；
and； opening his Koran； commences to read aloud with the customary
intonation。 His voice； rich and facile； and moderated with discretion；
has a charm that is irresistible in the sonorous old mosque； where at
this hour the only other sound is the scarcely perceptible twittering
of the little broods above； among the dull gold beams of the ceiling。
Those who have been familiar with the sanctuaries of Islam know； as
well as I； that there is no book so exquisitely rhythmical as that of
the Prophet。 Even if the sense of the verses escape you； the chanted
reading； which forms part of certain of the offices； acts upon you by
the simple magic of its sounds； in the same way as the oratorios which
draw tears in the churches of Christ。 Rising and falling like some sad
lullaby； the declamation of this young priest； with his face of
visionary； and garb of decent poverty； swells involuntarily； till
gradually it seems to fill the seven deserted aisles of El…Azhar。
We stop in spite of ourselves； and listen； in the midst of the silence
of midday。 And in this so venerable place； where dilapidation and the
usury of centuries are revealed on every sideeven on the marble
columns worn by the constant friction of handsthis voice of gold
that rises alone seems as if it were intoning the last lament over the
death…pang of Old Islam and the end of time； the elegy； as it were； of
the universal death of faith in the heart of man。
*****
〃Science is one religion； prayer is another。 Study is better than
worship。 Go； seek knowledge everywhere； if needs be； even into
China。〃
Verses from the Hadith。
Amongst us Europeans it is commonly accepted as a proven fact that
Islam is merely a religion of obscurantism； bringing in its train the
stagnation of nations； and hampering them in that march to the unknown
which we call 〃progress。〃 But such an attitude shows not only an
absolute ignorance of the teaching of the Prophet； but a blind
forgetfulness of the evidence of history。 The Islam of the earlier
centuries evolved and progressed with the nations； and the stimulus it
gave to men in the reign of the ancient caliphs is beyond all
question。 To impute to it the present decadence of the Moslem world is
altogether too puerile。 The truth is that nations have their day； and
to a period of glorious splendour succeeds a time of lassitude and
slumber。 It is a law of nature。 And then one day some danger threatens
them； stirs them from their torpor and they awake。
This immobility of the countries of the Crescent was once dear to me。
If the end is to pass through life with the minimum of suffering；
disdaining all vain striving； and to die entranced by radiant hopes；
the Orientals are the only wise men。 But now that greedy nations beset
them on all sides their dreaming is no longer possible。 They