按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
falsum fecerunt iudicium et ideo omnes de manerio in misericordia preter Willelmum Dun。。。 qui noluerunt consentire judicio。'
62。 Stoneleigh Reg。； f 75： 'Item si aliquis deforciatur de tenemento suo et tulerit breve Regis clausum ballivis manerii versus deforciantes； dictum breve non debet frangi nisi in curia。。。 Item quando ballivus aliquem summoneat ex precepto curie； tunc assumet secum duos sokemannos quos voluerit pro testanda summonicione predicta。。。 Item qualitercumque placitum terminetur in curia sive in deficiendo in lege vadiata sive per non defensionem dampna sunt semper taxanda per curiam。。。 Item debent sokemanni respondere per 12 coram justiciariis et coronatore domini Regis。 Et ipsi dabunt iudicia eurie de Stonle。。。 Item nullus adiudicabitur tenens terre nisi qui a curia tenens acceptatur per fidelitatem et alias consuetudines licet tenens extra curiam aliquem feoffaverit per cartam vel sine carta。'
63。 Selden Soc。 ii。 122： 'Capiatur in manum domini quarta pars unius rode prati jacens in Smalemade quam Rogerus Greylong vendidit Nicholao le Neuman sine licencia curie。' Cf 112： 'Praesentatum est quod Hugo Graeleng solvit sursum extra curiam ad opus Thome Aspelon de Broucton liberi unam portionem cuiusdam mesuagii。。。 Ideo preceptum quod capiatur in manum domini。'
64。 We hear constantly such phrases as the following： 'Quod iuncta est secum vocat rotulos ad warrantum ； ponit se super rotulos。' But we have also： 'Et partes pecierunt quod inquiratur per villatam que dixit quod sufficientem duxit sectam。 Postea testificatum fuit per totam villatam quod dictus Nicolaus tenebatur dicto Bartholomeo in predictis 5d。' （Seld。 Soc。 ii。 118）。 In one case the party relies on the evidence of the Register of Ramsey （p。 111）； which was compiled； of course； on the basis of sworn inquests held in the different manors。
65。 Seld。 Soc。 ii。 112。
66。 Augment。 Court Rolls； Portf xxiii。 No。 94； m。 3： 'Quod quidem per senescallum concessum est eisdem' （the entry is omitted in Mr Maitland's publication）。
67。 Seld。 Soc。 ii。 III。
68。 Augment。 Court Rolls； Portf xxiii。 No。 94； m。 25 v。 （the entry is not in the Selden volume）： 'Margeria que fuit uxor Nicholai de Aula de Kingesripton venit et petit unum parvum mesuagium existens in manu domini quod quondam fuit de mesuagio Suo proprio et quod ipsa Margeria singulis annis defendit versus dominum Abbatem； unde petit quod ius suum super hoc inquiratur per bonam inquisicionem。 Que venit et dicit。。。 Et ideo preceptum eidem quod inde habeat colloquium cum domino。 Et postea colloquio habito cum domino concessum est ei quod pacifice habeat faciendo seruicia inde debita et consueta。'
69。 Selden Soc。 ii。 127。
70。 Selden Soc。 ii。 173。
71。 Ibid。 94： 'Reginaldus fil。 Benedicti injuste dedicit esse unus de 12 jurator ibus allegando libertatem。。。 Dicunt eciam quod Willelmus de Bernewell injuste allegat libertatem propter quam contradicit esse unus de juratis。' Cf Cor。 Rege incerti anni Johann。 5： Predecessores sui et ipse tenuerunt liberum tcnementum et quod quidam ex juratis sunt consuetudinarii monialium。' Cor。 Rege Pascha； 9 Edw。 I； 34； b： '（Amerciamentum sochemanni） per pares vel per liberos de curia et vicinos ad curiam venientes。'
72。 Hereford Rolls （Bodleian）； 12： 'Compertum per libere tenentes quod custumarii falso presentant。。。 ideo custumarii in misericordia。' Rot。 Hundr。 ii。 469： 'Quatuor homines et prepositus presentabant defaltas predictis liberis hominibus et ipsi liberi presentabant ballivis。'
73。 Seld。 Soc。 ii。 44。
74。 Introduction to Seld。 Soc。 ii。 p。 lxx。
75。 Seld。 Soc。 ii。 67。
76。 Ibid。 164。
77。 See as to all this Mr Maitland's Introduction to the Selden volume （ii）； pp lxix； lxx。
78。 Introd。 to Selden Soc。 ii。 p。 lxi； and following。 Comp。 Coram Rege； 27 Henry III； 2： 'Dicunt quod non est aliquis liber homo in eodem manerio nisi Willelmus filius Radulfi qui respondet infra corpus comnitatus。'
79。 Y。B。 21…22 Edw。 I； 526 （Rolls Series）。
80。 Comp。 Mr Maitland in his often…quoted Introduction； p。 lxxi。
81。 Introduction to Seld。 Soc。 ii。 p。 lxvi。
82。 Archaeologia； vol。 47； p。 27； and following。
83。 Rot。 Hundr。； Cartulary of Ramsey； i。
84。 Gomme； Village Community； 162； etc。
85。 Cart。 of Malmesbury （Rolls Ser。）； ii； 221。
86。 A very good case in point is presented by Hitchin； because the boundaries and the jurisdiction of the manor comprise a great number of villages and hamlets which managed their open fields quite independently of the central township of Hitchin； and could not but do so； as they lay quite apart and a good way from it； as may be seen on the Ordnance Map。 And still the manor comprises； the township of Hitchin and the hamlet of Walsworth； the lesser manors of the Rectory of Hitchin； of Moremead； otherwise Charlton； and of the Priory of the Biggin； being comprehended within the boundaries of the said manor of Hitchin； which also extends into the hamlets of Langley and Preston in the said parish of Hitchin； and into the parishes of Ickleford； Ipolitts； Kimpton； Kingswalden； and Offley。' （Seebohm； Village Community； 443； 444：） As Mr Seebohm tells me； the con。 trast between the central portion； that of the township； managed in one open field system； and the outlying parts； is probably reflected in the curious denominations of the manor as Portman and Foreign。 It is well known how frequently our surveys mention hamlets； in many cases these annexes of townships arc so widely scattered； that it would be impossible to suppose one open field system for them。
87。 Seld。 Soc。 ii。 68； 90。
88。 lbid。 162； I66。
89。 Introd。 to Seld。 Soc。 ii。 p。 xxxix。
Chapter 6
The Manor and the Village Community
Conclusions
If we look at the village life of mediaeval England； not for the purpose of dissecting it into its constitutive elements； but in order that we may detect the principles that hold it together and organise it as a whole； we shall be struck by several features which make it quite unlike the present arrangement of rural society。 Even a casual observer will not fail to perceive the contrast which it presents to that free play of individual interests and that undisputed supremacy of the state in political matters； which are so characteristic of the present time。 And on the other hand there is just as sharp a contrast between the manorial system and a system of tribal relationships based on blood relationship and its artificial outgrowths； and yet again it may be contrasted with a village community built upon the basis of equal partnership among free members。 It is evident； at the same time； that such differences； deep though they are； cannot be treated as primordial and absolute divisions。 All these systems are but stages of development； after all； and the most important problem concerning them is the problem of their origins and mutual relations。 The main road towards its solution lies undoubtedly through the demesne of strictly historical investigation。 Should we succeed in tracing with clearness the consecutive stages of the process and the intermediate links between them； the most important part of the work will have been done。 This is simple enough； and seems hardly worth mentioning。 But things are not s