按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
to maintain the finite thought…determinations in their opposition； but Philosophy demands that these
different thoughts should be brought together。 Thought begins by holding apart infinite and finite；
cause and effect； positive and negative； since this is the region of reflecting consciousness； the old
metaphysical consciousness was able to take part in so doing： but the speculative point of view is
to have this opposition before itself and to reconcile it。 With Schelling the speculative form has thus
again come to the front； and philosophy has again obtained a special character of its own； the
principle of Philosophy； rational thought in itself； has obtained the form of thought。 In the
philosophy of Schelling the content； the truth； has once more become the matter of chief
importance； whereas in the Kantian philosophy the point of interest was more especially stated to
be the necessity for investigating subjective knowledge。 This is the standpoint of Schelling's
philosophy in its general aspects。
b。 Since in further analysis the distinction between subject and object comes into view and is
accepted； there follows the relationship of the ego to its other； with Fichte that forms the second
proposition； in which the self…limitation of the ego is posited。 The ego posits itself in opposition to
itself； since it posits itself as conditioned by the non…ego； that is the infinite repulsion； for this
conditionment is the ego itself。 Schelling； on the one hand； says： “The ego is unlimited as the ego
only in so far as it is limited；” as it relates to the non…ego。 Only thus does consciousness exist；
self…consciousness is a barren determination； through its intuition of self the ego becomes finite to
itself。 “This contradiction only allows itself to be dissolved by the ego becoming in this finitude
infinite to itself； i。e。 by its having an intuitive perception of itself as an infinite Becoming。” The
relation of the ego to itself and to the infinite check or force of repulsion is a constant one。 On the
other hand it is said： “The ego is limited only in so far as it is unlimited；” this limitation is thus
necessary in order to be able to get beyond it。 The contradiction which we find here remains even
if the ego always limits the non…ego。 “Both activities — that which makes for infinitude； the
limitable； real； objective activity； and the limiting and ideal； mutually pre…suppose one another。
Idealism reflects merely on the one； realism on the other； transcendental idealism on both。” （11）
All this is a tangled mass of abstractions。
c。 “Neither through the limiting activity nor through the limited does the ego arrive at
self…consciousness。 There consequently is a third activity； compounded from the other two；
through which the ego of self…consciousness arises； this third is that which oscillates between the
two — the struggle between opposing tendencies。” There is essential relation only； relative
identity； the difference therein present thus ever remains。 “This struggle cannot be reconciled by
one such action； but only by an infinite succession of such；” i。e。 the reconciliation of the
opposition between the two tendencies of the ego； the inward and the outward； is； in the infinite
course of progression； only an apparent one。 In order that it may be complete； the whole inward
and outward nature must be presented in all its details： but Philosophy can only set forth the
epochs which are most important。 “If all the intermediate links in sensation could be set forth； that
would necessarily lead us to a deduction of all the qualities in nature； which last is impossible。”
Now this third activity； which contains the union directly in itself； is a thought in which particularity
is already contained。 It is the intuitive understanding of Kant； the intelligent intuition or intuitively
perceiving intelligence； Schelling； indeed； definitely names this absolute unity of contradictions
intellectual intuition。 The ego here is not one…sided in regard to what is different； it is identity of the
unconscious and the conscious； but not an identity of such a nature that its ground rests on the ego
itself。（12）
This ego must be the absolute principle： “All philosophy starts from a principle which as absolute
identity is non…objective。” For if it is objective； separation is at once posited and it is confronted
by another； but the principle is the reconciliation of the opposition； and therefore in and for itself it
is non…objective。 “Now how should a principle such as this be called forth to consciousness and
understood； as is required if it is the condition attached to the comprehension of all philosophy？
That it can no more be comprehended through Notions ＇Begriffe＇ than set forth； requires no
proof。〃 Notion to Schelling signifies a category of the ordinary understanding； Notion is； however；
the concrete thought which in itself is infinite。 “There thus remains nothing more than that it should
be set forth in an immediate intuition。 If there were such all intuition which had as object the
absolutely identical； that which in itself is neither subjective nor objective； and if for such； which；”
however； “can be an intellectual intuition only； one could appeal to immediate experience；” the
question would be： “How can this intuition be again made objective； i。e。 how can it be asserted
without doubt that it does not rest on a subjective deception； if there is not a universal objectivity
in that intuition； which is recognized by all？” This intellectual principle in itself should thus be given
in an experience so that men may be able to appeal to it。 “The objectivity of intellectual intuition is
art。 The work of art alone reflects to me what is otherwise reflected through nothing — that
absolute identical which has already separated itself in the ego itself。” The objectivity of identity
and the knowledge of the same is art； in one and the same intuition the ego is here conscious of
itself and unconscious。（13） This intellectual intuition which has become objective is objective
sensuous intuition — but the Notion； the comprehended necessity； is a very different objectivity。
Thus a principle is presupposed both for the content of philosophy and for subjective
philosophizing： on the one hand it is demanded that the attitude adopted should be one of
intellectual intuition； and； on the other hand； this principle has to be authenticated； and this takes
place in the work of art。 This is the highest form of the objectification of reason； because in it
sensuous conception is united with intellectuality； sensuous existence is merely the expression of
spirituality。 The highest objectivity； which the subject attains； the highest identity of subjective and
objective； is that which Schelling terms the power of imagination。 Art is thus comprehended as
what is inmost and highest； that which produces the intellectual and real in one； and philosophizing
is conceived as this genius of art。 But art and power of imagination are not supreme。 For the Idea；
spirit； cannot be truly given expression to in the manner in which art expresses its Idea。 This last is
always a method pertaining to intuiti