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5。 Cf。； Geo。 T。 Ladd； University Control； p。 349。
6。 Cf。； e。g。； J。 McKeen Cattell； University Control； Part III；
ch。 V。； 〃Concerning the American University。〃 〃The university is
those who teach and those who learn and the work they do。〃 〃The
university is its men and their work。 But certain externals are
necessary or at least usual buildings and equipment； a
president and trustees。〃
〃The papers by other writers associated with Mr Cattell in
this volume run to the same effect whenever they touch the same
topic； and； indeed； it would be difficult to find a deliberate
expression to the contrary among men entitled to speak in these
premises。
It may be in place to add here that the volume referred to；
on University Control； has been had in mind throughout the
following analysis and has served as ground and material for much
of the argument。
7。 Cf。 The Instinct of Workmanship； ch。 vi； vii。
8。 With the current reactionary trend of things political and
civil toward mediaeval…barbarian policies and habits of thought
in the Fatherland； something of a correlative change has also
latterly come in evidence in the German universities； so that
what is substantially 〃cameralistic science〃 training and
information for prospective civil servants and police magistrates
is in some appreciable measure displacing disinterested inquiry
in the field of economics and political theory。 This is
peculiarly true of those corporations of learning that come
closely in touch with the Cultus Ministerium。
9。 Cf。 〃Some Considerations On the Function of the State
University。〃 （Inaugural Address of Edmund Janes James； Ph。D。；
LL。D。）； Science； November 17； 1905。
CHAPTER II
The Governing Boards
In the working theory of the modern civilized community；
that is to say in the current common…sense apprehension of what
is right and good； as it works out in the long run； the
university is a corporation of learning； disinterested and
dispassionate。 To its keeping is entrusted the community's joint
interest in esoteric knowledge。 It is given over to the
single…minded pursuit of science and scholarship； without
afterthought and without a view to interests subsidiary or
extraneous to the higher learning。 It is； indeed； the one great
institution of modern times that works to no ulterior end and is
controlled by no consideration of expediency beyond its own work。
Typically； normally； in point of popular theory； the university
is moved by no consideration other than 〃the increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men。〃 This is so because this
profitless quest of knowledge has come to be the highest and
ulterior aim of modern culture。
Such has been the case； increasingly； for some generations
past； but it is not until quite recently that such a statement
would hold true unequivocally and with an unqualified generality。
That the case stands so today is due to the failure of
theoretical interests of a different kind； directly and
immediately it is due to the fact that in the immediate present
the cult of knowledge has； by default； taken over that primacy
among human interests which an eschatologically thrifty religious
sentiment once held in the esteem of Christendom。 So long as the
fear of God still continued to move the generality of civilized
men in sufficient measure； their theoretical knowledge was
organized for 〃the glory of God and the good of man；〃 the
latter phrase being taken in the eschatological sense； and so
long the resulting scheme of learning was laid out and cultivated
with an eye to the main chance in a hereafter given over； in the
main and for its major effect； to pains and penalties。 With the
latterday dissipation of this fear of God； the scheme of
knowledge handed down out of a devout past and further amplified
in the （theoretically） Godless present； has； by atrophy of
disuse； lost its ulterior view to such spiritual expediency； and
has come to stand over as an output of intellectual enterprise
working under the impulsion and guidance of an idle curiosity
simply。 All this may not be much to the credit of civilized
mankind； but dispassionate reflection will not leave the fact in
doubt。 And the outcome for the university； considered as an
institution of this modern culture； is such as this conjuncture
of circumstances will require。
But while such is the dispassionate working theory； the
long…term drift of modern common sense as touches the work of the
university； it is also a matter of course that this ideally
single…minded course of action has never been realized in any
concrete case。 While it holds true； by and large； that modern
Christendom has outlived the fear of God； that is to say of
〃the Pope； the Turk； and the Devil；〃 it does not therefore
follow that men take a less instant interest in the affairs of
life； or carry on the traffic of their lives with a less alert
eye to the main chance； than they once did under the habitual
shadow of that barbarian fear。 The difference is； for the purpose
in hand； that the same solicitous attention that once converged
on such an avoidance of ulterior consequences now centres on
questions of present ways and means。 Worldly wisdom has not
fallen into decay or abeyance； but it has become a wisdom of ways
and means that lead to nothing beyond further ways and means。
Expediency and practical considerations have come to mean
considerations of a pecuniary kind； good； on the whole； for
pecuniary purposes only； that is to say； gain and expenditure for
the sake of further gain and expenditure； with nothing that will
stand scrutiny as a final term to this traffic in ways and means；
except only this cult of the idle curiosity to which the seats
of learning are； in theory； dedicate。 But unremitting habituation
to the competitive pursuit of ways and means has determined that
〃practical〃 interests of this complexion rule workday life in the
modern community throughout； and they are therefore so intimately
and ubiquitously bound up with current habits of thought； and
have so strong and immediate a hold on current workday sentiment；
that； hitherto； in no case have the seats of learning been able
to pursue their quest of knowledge with anything like that
single…mindedness which academic men are moved to profess in
their moments of academic elation。
Some one vital interest of this practical sort； some variant
of the quest of gain； is always at hand and strenuously effective
in the community's li