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is excessive； penetrate the projectile or we shall be frozen to death。〃
〃But the sun？〃
〃The sun warms our projectile； which absorbs its rays； but it
does not warm the vacuum in which we are floating at this moment。
Where there is no air； there is no more heat than diffused light；
and the same with darkness； it is cold where the sun's rays do not
strike direct。 This temperature is only the temperature produced
by the radiation of the stars； that is to say； what the
terrestrial globe would undergo if the sun disappeared one day。〃
〃Which is not to be feared；〃 replied Nicholl。
〃Who knows？〃 said Michel Ardan。 〃But； in admitting that the sun
does not go out； might it not happen that the earth might move
away from it？〃
〃There！〃 said Barbicane； 〃there is Michel with his ideas。〃
〃And；〃 continued Michel； 〃do we not know that in 1861 the earth
passed through the tail of a comet？ Or let us suppose a comet
whose power of attraction is greater than that of the sun。
The terrestrial orbit will bend toward the wandering star； and
the earth； becoming its satellite； will be drawn such a distance
that the rays of the sun will have no action on its surface。〃
〃That _might_ happen； indeed；〃 replied Barbicane； 〃but the
consequences of such a displacement need not be so formidable as
you suppose。〃
〃And why not？〃
〃Because the heat and cold would be equalized on our globe。
It has been calculated that； had our earth been carried along in
its course by the comet of 1861； at its perihelion； that is； its
nearest approach to the sun； it would have undergone a heat
28；000 times greater than that of summer。 But this heat； which
is sufficient to evaporate the waters； would have formed a thick
ring of cloud； which would have modified that excessive
temperature； hence the compensation between the cold of the
aphelion and the heat of the perihelion。〃
〃At how many degrees；〃 asked Nicholl； 〃is the temperature of the
planetary spaces estimated？〃
〃Formerly；〃 replied Barbicane； 〃it was greatly exagerated； but
now； after the calculations of Fourier； of the French Academy of
Science； it is not supposed to exceed 60@ Centigrade below zero。〃
〃Pooh！〃 said Michel； 〃that's nothing！〃
〃It is very much；〃 replied Barbicane； 〃the temperature which was
observed in the polar regions； at Melville Island and Fort
Reliance； that is 76@ Fahrenheit below zero。〃
〃If I mistake not；〃 said Nicholl； 〃M。 Pouillet； another savant；
estimates the temperature of space at 250@ Fahrenheit below zero。
We shall； however； be able to verify these calculations for ourselves。〃
〃Not at present； because the solar rays； beating directly
upon our thermometer； would give； on the contrary； a very high
temperature。 But； when we arrive in the moon； during its
fifteen days of night at either face； we shall have leisure to
make the experiment； for our satellite lies in a vacuum。〃
〃What do you mean by a vacuum？〃 asked Michel。 〃Is it perfectly such？〃
〃It is absolutely void of air。〃
〃And is the air replaced by nothing whatever？〃
〃By the ether only；〃 replied Barbicane。
〃And pray what is the ether？〃
〃The ether； my friend； is an agglomeration of imponderable
atoms； which； relatively to their dimensions； are as far removed
from each other as the celestial bodies are in space。 It is
these atoms which； by their vibratory motion； produce both light
and heat in the universe。〃
They now proceeded to the burial of Satellite。 They had merely
to drop him into space； in the same way that sailors drop a body
into the sea； but； as President Barbicane suggested； they must
act quickly； so as to lose as little as possible of that air
whose elasticity would rapidly have spread it into space。
The bolts of the right scuttle； the opening of which measured
about twelve inches across； were carefully drawn； while Michel；
quite grieved； prepared to launch his dog into space。 The glass；
raised by a powerful lever； which enabled it to overcome the
pressure of the inside air on the walls of the projectile；
turned rapidly on its hinges； and Satellite was thrown out。
Scarcely a particle of air could have escaped； and the operation
was so successful that later on Barbicane did not fear to
dispose of the rubbish which encumbered the car。
CHAPTER VI
QUESTION AND ANSWER
On the 4th of December； when the travelers awoke after
fifty…four hours' journey； the chronometer marked five o'clock
of the terrestrial morning。 In time it was just over five
hours and forty minutes； half of that assigned to their sojourn
in the projectile； but they had already accomplished nearly
seven…tenths of the way。 This peculiarity was due to their
regularly decreasing speed。
Now when they observed the earth through the lower window；
it looked like nothing more than a dark spot； drowned in the
solar rays。 No more crescent； no more cloudy light！ The next
day； at midnight； the earth would be _new_； at the very moment
when the moon would be full。 Above； the orb of night was nearing
the line followed by the projectile； so as to meet it at the
given hour。 All around the black vault was studded with brilliant
points； which seemed to move slowly； but； at the great distance
they were from them； their relative size did not seem to change。
The sun and stars appeared exactly as they do to us upon earth。
As to the moon； she was considerably larger； but the travelers'
glasses； not very powerful； did not allow them as yet to make
any useful observations upon her surface； or reconnoiter her
topographically or geologically。
Thus the time passed in never…ending conversations all about
the moon。 Each one brought forward his own contingent of
particular facts； Barbicane and Nicholl always serious； Michel
Ardan always enthusiastic。 The projectile； its situation；
its direction； incidents which might happen； the precautions
necessitated by their fall on to the moon； were inexhaustible
matters of conjecture。
As they were breakfasting； a question of Michel's； relating to
the projectile； provoked rather a curious answer from Barbicane；
which is worth repeating。 Michel； supposing it to be roughly
stopped； while still under its formidable initial speed； wished
to know what the consequences of the stoppage would have been。
〃But；〃 said Barbicane； 〃I do not see how it could have been stopped。〃
〃But let us suppose so；〃 said Michel。
〃It is an impossible supposition；〃 said the practical Barbicane；
〃unless that impulsive force had failed； but even then its speed
would diminish by degrees； and it would not have stopped suddenly。〃
〃Admit that it had struck a body in space。〃
〃What body？〃
〃Why that enormous meteor which we met。〃
〃Then；〃 said Nicholl； 〃the projectile would have been broken
into a thousand pieces； and we with it。〃
〃More than that；〃 replied Barbicane； 〃we should have been burned
to death。〃
〃Burned？〃 exclaimed Michel； 〃by Jove！ I am sorry it did not
happen； ‘just to see。'〃
〃And you would have seen；〃 replied Barbicane。 〃It is known now
that heat is only a modification of motion。 When water is
warmed that is to say； when heat is added to itits particles
are set in motion。〃
〃We