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this Caesar went for Egypt through Syria； when Herod received him with royal and rich entertainments； and then did he first of all ride along with Caesar； as he was reviewing his army about Ptolemais； and feasted him with all his friends； and then distributed among the rest of the army what was necessary to feast them withal。 He also made a plentiful provision of water for them； when they were to march as far as Pelusium； through a dry country； which he did also in like manner at their return thence； nor were there any necessaries wanting to that army。 It was therefore the opinion； both of Caesar and of his soldiers； that Herod's kingdom was too small for those generous presents he made them； for which reason； when Caesar was come into Egypt； and Cleopatra and Antony were dead； he did not only bestow other marks of honor upon him； but made an addition to his kingdom； by giving him not only the country which had been taken from him by Cleopatra； but besides that； Gadara； and Hippos； and Samaria； and moreover； of the maritime cities； Gaza （31） and Anthedon； and Joppa； and Strato's Tower。 He also made him a present of four hundred Galls ＇Galatians＇ as a guard for his body； which they had been to Cleopatra before。 Nor did any thing so strongly induce Caesar to make these presents as the generosity of him that received them。
4。 Moreover； after the first games at Actium； he added to his kingdom both the region called Trachonitis； and what lay in its neighborhood； Batanea； and the country of Auranitis； and that on the following occasion： Zenodorus； who had hired the house of Lysanias； had all along sent robbers out of Trachonitis among the Damascenes； who thereupon had recourse to Varro； the president of Syria； and desired of him that he would represent the calamity they were in to Caesar。 When Caesar was acquainted with it； he sent back orders that this nest of robbers should be destroyed。 Varro therefore made an expedition against them； and cleared the land of those men； and took it away from Zenodorus。 Caesar did also afterward bestow it on Herod； that it might not again become a receptacle for those robbers that had come against Damascus。 He also made him a procurator of all Syria； and this on the tenth year afterward； when he came again into that province； and this was so established； that the other procurators could not do any thing in the administration without his advice： but when Zenodorus was dead； Caesar bestowed on him all that land which lay between Trachonitis and Galilee。 Yet； what was still of more consequence to Herod； he was beloved by Caesar next after Agrippa； and by Agrippa next after Caesar； whence he arrived at a very great degree of felicity。 Yet did the greatness of his soul exceed it； and the main part of his magnanimity was extended to the promotion of piety。
CHAPTER 21。
Of The ＇Temple And＇ Cities That Were Built By Herod And Erected From The Very Foundations； As Also Of Those Other Edifices That Were Erected By Him； And What Magnificence He Showed To Foreigners； And How Fortune Was In All Things Favorable To Him。 1。 Accordingly； in the fifteenth year of his reign； Herod rebuilt the temple； and encompassed a piece of land about it with a wall； which land was twice as large as that before enclosed。 The expenses he laid out upon it were vastly large also； and the riches about it were unspeakable。 A sign of which you have in the great cloisters that were erected about the temple； and the citadel which was on its north side。 The cloisters he built from the foundation； but the citadel （32） he repaired at a vast expense； nor was it other than a royal palace； which he called Antonia； in honor of Antony。 He also built himself a palace in the Upper city； containing two very large and most beautiful apartments； to which the holy house itself could not be compared ＇in largeness＇。 The one apartment he named Caesareum； and the other Agrippium； from his ＇two great＇ friends。
2。 Yet did he not preserve their memory by particular buildings only； with their names given them； but his generosity went as far as entire cities； for when he had built a most beautiful wall round a country in Samaria； twenty furlongs long； and had brought six thousand inhabitants into it； and had allotted to it a most fruitful piece of land； and in the midst of this city； thus built； had erected a very large temple to Caesar； and had laid round about it a portion of sacred land of three furlongs and a half； he called the city Sebaste； from Sebastus； or Augustus； and settled the affairs of the city after a most regular manner。 3。 And when Caesar had further bestowed upon him another additional country； he built there also a temple of white marble； hard by the fountains of Jordan： the place is called Panium； where is a top of a mountain that is raised to an immense height； and at its side； beneath； or at its bottom； a dark cave opens itself； within which there is a horrible precipice； that descends abruptly to a vast depth； it contains a mighty quantity of water； which is immovable； and when any body lets down any thing to measure the depth of the earth beneath the water； no length of cord is sufficient to reach it。 Now the fountains of Jordan rise at the roots of this cavity outwardly； and； as some think； this is the utmost origin of Jordan： but we shall speak of that matter more accurately in our following history。
4。 But the king erected other places at Jericho also； between the citadel Cypros and the former palace； such as were better and more useful than the former for travelers； and named them from the same friends of his。 To say all at once； there was not any place of his kingdom fit for the purpose that was permitted to be without somewhat that was for Caesar's honor； and when he had filled his own country with temples； he poured out the like plentiful marks of his esteem into his province； and built many cities which he called Cesareas。
5。 And when he observed that there was a city by the sea…side that was much decayed； （its name was Strato's Tower；） but that the place； by the happiness of its situation； was capable of great improvements from his liberality； he rebuilt it all with white stone； and adorned it with several most splendid palaces； wherein he especially demonstrated his magnanimity； for the case was this； that all the sea…shore between Dora and Joppa； in the middle； between which this city is situated； had no good haven； insomuch that every one that sailed from Phoenicia for Egypt was obliged to lie in the stormy sea； by reason of the south winds that threatened them； which wind； if it blew but a little fresh； such vast waves are raised； and dash upon the rocks； that upon their retreat the sea is in a great ferment for a long way。 But the king； by the expenses he was at； and the liberal disposal of them； overcame nature； and built a haven larger than was the Pyrecum （33） ＇at Athens＇； and in the inner retirements of the water he built other deep stations ＇for the ships also＇。
6。 Now although the place where he built was greatly opposite to his purposes； yet did he so fully struggle with that difficulty； that the firmness of his building could not easily be conquered by the sea； and the beauty and ornament of the