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book of Klim the Russian robber； （15） and the most poetical part of
Tom Shone's history； namely； that in which he threatens to cut off
the hand of the reluctant bride unless she performs her promise；
is； in all probability； an offshoot of the grand myth of 〃the
severed hand；〃 which in various ways figures in the stories of most
nations； and which is turned to considerable account in the tale of
the above…mentioned Russian worthy Klim。
CHAPTER XCIV
Llan Ddewi Brefi … Pelagian Heresy … Hu Gadarn … God of Agriculture
… The Silver Cup … Rude Tablet。
IT was about eleven o'clock in the morning when I started from
Tregaron； the sky was still cloudy and heavy。 I took the road to
Lampeter； distant about eight miles； intending； however； to go much
farther ere I stopped for the night。 The road lay nearly south…
west。 I passed by Aber Coed； a homestead near the bottom of a
dingle down which runs a brook into the Teivi； which flows here
close by the road； then by Aber Carvan； where another brook
disembogues。 Aber； as perhaps the reader already knows； is a
disemboguement； and wherever a place commences with Aber there to a
certainty does a river flow into the sea； or a brook or rivulet
into a river。 I next passed through Nant Derven； and in about
three…quarters of an hour after leaving Tregaron reached a place of
old renown called Llan Ddewi Brefi。
Llan Ddewi Brefi is a small village situated at the entrance of a
gorge leading up to some lofty hills which rise to the east and
belong to the same mountain range as those near Tregaron。 A brook
flowing from the hills murmurs through it and at length finds its
way into the Teivi。 An ancient church stands on a little rising
ground just below the hills； multitudes of rooks inhabit its
steeple and fill throughout the day the air with their cawing。 The
place wears a remarkable air of solitude； but presents nothing of
gloom and horror； and seems just the kind of spot in which some
quiet pensive man； fatigued but not soured by the turmoil of the
world； might settle down； enjoy a few innocent pleasures； make his
peace with God； and then compose himself to his long sleep。
It is not without reason that Llan Ddewi Brefi has been called a
place of old renown。 In the fifth century； one of the most
remarkable ecclesiastical convocations which the world has ever
seen was held in this secluded spot。 It was for the purpose of
refuting certain doctrines； which had for some time past caused
much agitation in the Church； and which originated with one Morgan；
a native of North Wales； who left his country at an early age and
repaired to Italy； where having adopted the appellation of
Pelagius； which is a Latin translation of his own name Morgan；
which signifies 〃by the seashore；〃 he soon became noted as a
theological writer。 It is not necessary to enter into any detailed
exposition of his opinions； it will； however； be as well to state
that one of the points which he was chiefly anxious to inculcate
was that it is possible for a man to lead a life entirely free from
sin by obeying the dictates of his own reason without any
assistance from the grace of God … a dogma certainly to the last
degree delusive and dangerous。 When the convocation met there were
a great many sermons preached by various learned and eloquent
divines； but nothing was produced which was pronounced by the
general voice a satisfactory answer to the doctrines of the
heresiarch。 At length it was resolved to send for Dewi； a
celebrated teacher of theology at Mynyw in Pembrokeshire； who from
motives of humility had not appeared in the assembly。 Messengers
therefore were despatched to Dewi； who； after repeated entreaties；
was induced to repair to the place of meeting； where after three
days' labour in a cell he produced a treatise in writing in which
the tenets of Morgan were so triumphantly overthrown that the
convocation unanimously adopted it and sent it into the world with
a testimony of approbation as an antidote to the heresy； and so
great was its efficacy that from that moment the doctrines of
Morgan fell gradually into disrepute。 （16）
Dewi shortly afterwards became primate of Wales； being appointed to
the see of Minevai or Mynyw； which from that time was called Ty
Ddewi or David's House； a name which it still retains amongst the
Cumry； though at present called by the Saxons Saint David's。 About
five centuries after his death the crown of canonization having
been awarded to Dewi； various churches were dedicated to him；
amongst which was that now called Llan Ddewi Brefi； which was built
above the cell in which the good man composed his celebrated
treatise。
If this secluded gorge or valley is connected with a remarkable
historical event it is also associated with one of the wildest
tales of mythology。 Here according to old tradition died one of
the humped oxen of the team of Hu Gadarn。 Distracted at having
lost its comrade； which perished from the dreadful efforts which it
made along with the others in drawing the afanc hen or old
crocodile from the lake of lakes； it fled away from its master； and
wandered about； till coming to the glen now called that of Llan
Ddewi Brefi； it fell down and perished after excessive bellowing；
from which noise the place probably derived its name of Brefi； for
Bref in Cumbric signifies a mighty bellowing or lowing。 Horns of
enormous size； said to have belonged to this humped ox or bison；
were for many ages preserved in the church。
Many will exclaim who was Hu Gadarn？ Hu Gadarn in the Gwlad yr Haf
or summer country； a certain region of the East； perhaps the
Crimea； which seems to be a modification of Cumria； taught the
Cumry the arts of civilised life； to build comfortable houses； to
sow grain and reap； to tame the buffalo and the bison； and turn
their mighty strength to profitable account； to construct boats
with wicker and the skins of animals； to drain pools and morasses；
to cut down forests； cultivate the vine and encourage bees； make
wine and mead； frame lutes and fifes and play upon them； compose
rhymes and verses； fuse minerals and form them into various
instruments and weapons； and to move in masses against their
enemies； and finally when the summer country became over…populated
led an immense multitude of his countrymen across many lands to
Britain； a country of forests； in which bears； wolves； and bisons
wandered； and of morasses and pools full of dreadful efync or
crocodiles； a country inhabited only by a few savage Gauls； but
which shortly after the arrival of Hu and his people became a
smiling region； forests being thinned； bears and wolves hunted
down； efync annihilated； bulls and bisons tamed； corn planted and
pleasant cottages erected。 After his death he was worshipped as
the God of agriculture and war by the Cumry and the Gauls。 The
Germans paid him divine honours under the name of Heus； from which
name the province of Hesse in which there was a mighty temple
devoted to him； derived its appellation。 The Scandinavians
worshipped him under the name of