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d that condition was aggravated by the fact that the numerical strength of the majority party in the Senate was sufficient to determine absolutely the disposition of every question； and they could therefore afford to be strictly fair to the accused； and by the further fact that the objections to testimony offered in behalf of the defense were as three to one of the objections to testimony offered in behalf of the prosecution。
These denials of testimony in behalf of the defense were unfortunate。 That practice lowered the dignity of the occasion and of the proceeding； as they could but have given ground for criticism of partisan bias and a vindictive judgment in case of successful impeachment。 Most； if not all these rejected interrogatories implied important information in possession of the witnesses which the Senate had a right to； and which the party offering had the right to have produced。 Moreover； it was the right and the duty of the Senate to know what the witness was presumed to know； and then to judge； each Senator for himself； of the relevancy of the testimony。
As stated； the principal averment against the President； was his alleged violation of the Tenure…of…Office Act in the removal of Mr。 Stanton from the office of Secretary of War； presented in various phases throughout the Articles of Impeachment。
In illustration of the treatment of testimony offered in the President's behalf by a majority of the Republican Senators； the record shows that on the eighth disputed interrogatory； the second put by the defense； General Sherman being on the witness stand：Defense asked as to a certain conversation relating to that removal； had between the General and the President at an interview specified。 The prosecution objected to the question being answered； and a vote of the Senate was demanded。 The vote wasfor receiving the testimony； 23； against receiving it； 28。 Of the latter number； twenty…seven； all Republicans； voted at the close of the trial to convict the President of violating the Tenure…of…Office Act； in the removal of Mr。 Stanton； after refusing to hear testimony in his behalf on that charge。
The next interrogatory； No。 9； was 〃when the President asked the witness （Gen。 Sherman；） to accept the War Office； was anything further said in reference to it？〃 This was objected to by the prosecution； and the vote thereon was 23 to 29。 Twenty…eight of the twenty…nine gentlemen thus refusing answer to this question； afterwards voting to convict the President； after refusing to bear the testimony of a very important witness in his behalf； which his counsel proposed to produce and tried in vain to get before the Senate。
On the tenth interrogatory； by Defense； 〃whether the President had stated to the witness； （General Sherman）； his object in asking him to accept the War Office；〃 the vote was 7 to 44 against receiving it； and thirty…one of the gentlemen voting not to hear this testimony； at the close of the hearing voted to convict Mr。 Johnson of a high misdemeanor in office in the removal of Mr。 Stanton； after refusing to hear his defense。
The next； No。 11； was as to the President's attempt to get a case before the Supreme Court for a judicial determination of Mr。 Stanton's right to retain the War Office against the President's wish。 This testimony was refused by a vote of 25 to 27every nay vote being cast by a Republican； every one of whom at the close of the trial； voting in effect to convict Mr。 Johnson of a high misdemeanor in office in seeking resort to the courts to test the legality of an act of Congress passed for the practically sole purpose of restricting an executive function never before questioned。
The next interrogatory； No。 12； was whether the witness； （General Sherman； had formed an opinion whether the good of the service required a Secretary of War other than Mr。 Stanton。 It was well understood that General Sherman believed that for the good of the service Mr。 Stanton ought to retire； and as the Chief Officer of the Army his opinion was certainly entitled to weight； and the President had a right to the benefit of his judgment。 This interrogatory was objected to by the Prosecution； and was rejected by a vote of 18 to 35thirty…one of the thirty…five being Republicans； who at the close of the trial voted to convict Mr。 Johnson of a high misdemeanor in the removal of Mr。 Stanton； after refusing him the benefit of the opinion of the Chief Officer of the Army on a question affecting the military service； and to which he was in all fairness clearly entitled。
No。 13； General Sherman was asked whether he had advised； the President to appoint a successor to Mr。 Stanton。 （It was well understood that he had。） Answer to this was refused； 18 to 32thirty of the latter； all Republicans； voting at the close of the trial to convict Mr。 Johnson； after refusing to hear this important testimony in his behalf。 No。 16。 The answer to the last interrogatory； （〃if he did； state what his purpose was；〃） was received by a majority of one； 26 to 25every nay vote being a Republican； and constituting a majority of the Republicans of the Senate。
No。 21。 Mr。 O。 E。 Perrin on the stand； was asked as to the President's statement that Mr。 Stanton would relinquish the office at once to General Thomas〃that it was only a temporary arrangement〃that he would 〃send to the Senate at once the name of a good man；〃 （which he did）。 This testimony was rejected by a vote of 9 to 37thirty of the latter number being Republicans who at the close of the trial voted to convict Mr。 Johnson of a high misdemeanor in sending to the Senate the name of Thomas Ewing； Senior； for appointment as Secretary of War； vice Stanton removed in assumed violation of the Tenure…of…Office Act。
The next offer of testimony to be rejected was No。 23Mr。 Gideon Welles； Secretary of the Navy； on the stand； to prove that the Cabinet had advised the President to veto the Tenure…of…Office Bill as unconstitutional。 The Chief Justice ruled the testimony admissible for the purpose of showing the intent with which the President had acted in the transaction。 Prosecution objected； and by a vote of 20 to 29； the decision of the Chief Justice was overruled。 No answer to this interrogatory was permitted； every vote to refuse this testimony being cast by a Republican； every one of whom； at the close of the trial； voting to convict and remove Mr。 Johnson for alleged violation of a law which he believed to be unconstitutionalwhich he was advised by the head of the Law Department of the Government was unconstitutional and therefore not a law which he had sworn to execute； and the constitutionality of which he had endeavored to get before the courts for adjudicationthose 29 Republicans so voting after having refused to hear testimony in his defense on these identical points。
The next disputed interrogatory was No。 24that Mr。 Johnson's Cabinet had advised him that the Secretaries who had been appointed by Mr。 Lincoln and still holding； （Mr。 Stanton； Mr。 Seward； and Mr。 Welles；） were removable by the President； notwithstanding the assumed restriction of the Tenure…of…Office Act。 The Chief Justice ruled this testimony to be admissible。 Objection was made by the Prosecution； and a vote taken