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dealing； The Ten Commandments will not budge； And stealing will
continue stealing。〃
There is hint of it in his quizzical lines about himself in the Fable for
Critics。 He says that he is in danger of rattling away
〃Until he is as old as Methusalem； At the head of the march to the
last New Jerusalem。〃
Whittier needs no words of ours。 His hymns are part of our religious
equipment。 〃Snowbound〃 and all the rest of the beautiful； quiet； Quaker…
like writing of this beloved poet are among our national assets。 We join in
his sorrow as he writes the doom of Webster and his fame； and we do not
wonder that he chose for it the Scriptural title 〃Ichabod。〃
Whatever is to be said about an individual here or there； it is true that
great American literature shows the influence of the Bible。 Like
everything else in America； it has been founded on a religious purpose。
Writers in all lines have been trained in the Bible。 If they feel any religious
influence at all； it is the Bible influence。
This has been a long journey from Shakespeare to Whittier； and it
leaves untouched the great field of present…day writers。 Let the unstarred
names wait their time。 Among them are many who can say in their way
what Hall Caine has said of himself： 〃I think I know my Bible as few
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literary men know it。 There is no book in the world like it； and the finest
novels ever written fall far short in interest of any one of the stories it tells。
Whatever strong situations I have in my books are not of my creation； but
are taken from the Bible。 The Deemster is a story of the Prodigal Son。 The
Bondman is the story of Esau and Jacob。 The Scapegoat is the story of Eli
and his sons； but with Samuel as a little girl； and The Manxman is the
story of David and Uriah。〃 Take up any of the novels of the day； even the
poorer ones； but notably the better ones； and see how uniformly they show
the Scriptural influence in material； in idea； and in spirit。 What the
literature of the future will be no one can say。 This much is as sure as any
fact in literary history； that the English Bible is part of the very fiber of
great literature from the day it first appeared in our tongue to this hour。
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LECTURE V
THE KING JAMES VERSIONITS INFLUENCE ON ENGLISH
AND AMERICAN HISTORY
THE King James version of the Bible is only a book。 What can a book
do in history？ Well； whatever the reason； books have played a large part in
the movements of men； specially of modern men。
They have markedly influenced the opinion of men about the past。 It is
commonly said that Hume's History of England； defective as it is； has yet
〃by its method revolutionized the writing of history；〃 and that is true。
Nearer our own time； Carlyle's Life of Cromwell reversed the judgment of
history on Cromwell； gave all readers of history a new conception of him
and his times and of the movement of which he was the life。 After the
Restoration none were so poor as to do Cromwell reverence until Carlyle's
BOOK gave him anew to the world。
There are instances squarely in our own time by which their mighty
influence may be tested。 They are of books of almost ephemeral value
save for the student of history。 As literature they will be quickly forgotten；
but as FORCES they must be reckoned with。 There is Uncle Tom's Cabin。
It would be absurd to say that it brought the American Civil War； or freed
the negroes； or saved the Union。 It did none of those great things。 Yet it is
not at all absurd to name it among the potent powers in all three。 It is not
to our purpose whether it is true or not as a statement of the whole fact。
Doubtless it was not true of the general and common circumstances of
Southern slavery； but everything in it was possible； and even frequent
enough so that it could not be questioned。 It pretended no more。 But its
influence was simply tremendous。 In book form it became available in
1852； and within three years； 1855； it was common property of English…
speaking people。 No other book ever produced so extraordinary an effect
so quickly in the public mind。＇1＇ It held up slavery to judgment。 It
crystallized the thoughts of common people。 The work of those strenuous
years in the '60's could not have been done without the result of that book。
It made history。 Come nearer our own day。 We could not be long in
London without feeling the concern of the better people for conditions in
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the East End。 A new social impulse has seized them。 To be sure； it lacks
much yet of success； but more has been done than most people realize。
The new movement； the awakening of that social sense； traces back to the
book of Gen。 William Booth； In Darkest England （1890）。 It has helped to
change the life of a large part of London。
＇1＇ Rhodes； History of the United States； vol。 i； pp。 185…303。
On this side； the new concern for city conditions dates from the book
of a newspaper reporter； Jacob A。 Riis； How the Other Half Lives。 It thrust
the Other Half into such prominence that it has never been possible to
forget it。 Marked advance in all American cities； in legislation and life；
goes straight back to it。 Name one other book still in the field of social
service； even so unpleasant； so terrible； so obnoxious a book as Upton
Sinclair's The Jungle。 It started and sustained movements which have
unsettled business and political life ever since it appeared。 It made some
conditions vivid； unescapable。
Do not misunderstand the argument。 No man can tell what will be said
in the histories a century from now about these lesser books。 We can never
go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events。＇1＇ As
time passes； incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight
and a few great forces take the whole horizon。 Whatever the histories a
century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have