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unmixed race？
Y。 Soc。 Clearly of the unmixed。
Str。 I suppose that we must divide this again as before。
Y。 Soc。 We must。
Str。 Every tame and herding animal has now been split up； with the
exception of two species； for I hardly think that dogs should be
reckoned among gregarious animals。
Y。 Soc。 Certainly not； but how shall we divide the two remaining
species？
Str。 There is a measure of difference which may be appropriately
employed by you and Theaetetus； who are students of geometry。
Y。 Soc。 What is that？
Str。 The diameter； and； again； the diameter of a diameter。
Y。 Soc。 What do you mean？
Str。 How does man walk； but as a diameter whose power is two feet？
Y。 Soc。 Just so。
Str。 And the power of the remaining kind； being the power of twice
two feet； may be said to be the diameter of our diameter。
Y。 Soc。 Certainly； and now I think that I pretty nearly understand
you。
Str。 In these divisions； Socrates； I descry what would make
another famous jest。
Y。 Soc。 What is it？
Str。 Human beings have come out in the same class with the freest
and airiest of creation； and have been running a race with them。
Y。 Soc。 I remark that very singular coincidence。
Str。 And would you not expect the slowest to arrive last？
Y。 Soc。 Indeed I should。
Str。 And there is a still more ridiculous consequence；
that the king
is found running about with the herd and in close
competition with the
bird…catcher； who of all mankind is most of an adept at the
airy life。
Y。 Soc。 Certainly。
Str。 Then here； Socrates； is still clearer evidence of the truth
of what was said in the enquiry about the Sophist？
Y。 Soc。 What？
Str。 That the dialectical method is no respecter of persons； and
does not set the great above the small； but always arrives in her
own way at the truest result。
Y。 Soc。 Clearly。
Str。 And now； I will not wait for you to ask the； but will
of my own
accord take you by the shorter road to the definition of a king。
Y。 Soc。 By all means。
Str。 I say that we should have begun at first by dividing land
animals into biped and quadruped； and since the winged herd； and
that alone； comes out in the same class with man； should
divide bipeds
into those which have feathers and those which have not； and
when they
have been divided； and the art of the management of mankind
is brought
to light； the time will have come to produce our Statesman and
ruler； and set him like a charioteer in his place； and hand over to
him the reins of state； for that too is a vocation which belongs to
him。
Y。 Soc。 Very good； you have paid me the debt…I mean； that you have
completed the argument； and I suppose that you added the
digression by
way of interest。
Str。 Then now； let us go back to the beginning； and join the
links； which together make the definition of the name of the
Statesman's art。
Y。 Soc。 By all means。
Str。 The science of pure knowledge had； as we said originally； a
part which was the science of rule or command； and from this was
derived another part； which was called command…for…self； on the
analogy of selling…for…self； an important section of this was the
management of living animals； and this again was further limited to
the manage merit of them in herds； and again in herds of pedestrian
animals。 The chief division of the latter was the art of managing
pedestrian animals which are without horns； this again has a part
which can only be comprehended under one term by joining together
three names…shepherding pure…bred animals。 The only further
subdivision is the art of man herding…this has to do with bipeds；
and is what we were seeking after； and have now found； being at once
the royal and political。
Y。 Soc。 To be sure。
Str。 And do you think； Socrates； that we really have done as you
say？
Y。 Soc。 What？
Str。 Do you think； I mean； that we have really fulfilled our
intention？…There has been a sort of discussion； and yet the
investigation seems to me not to be perfectly worked out： this is
where the enquiry fails。
Y。 Soc。 I do not understand。
Str。 I will try to make the thought； which is at this
moment present
in my mind； clearer to us both。
Y。 Soc。 Let me hear。
Str。 There were many arts of shepherding； and one of them was the
political； which had the charge of one particular herd？
Y。 Soc。 Yes。
Str。 And this the argument defined to be the art of rearing； not
horses or other brutes； but the art of rearing man collectively？
Y。 Soc。 True。
Str。 Note； however； a difference which distinguishes the king from
all other shepherds。
Y。 Soc。 To what do you refer？
Str。 I want to ask； whether any one of the other herdsmen has a
rival who professes and claims to share with him in the management
of the herd？
Y。 Soc。 What do you mean？
Str。 I mean to say that merchants husbandmen； providers of
food； and
also training…masters and physicians； will all contend with the
herdsmen of humanity； whom we call Statesmen； declaring that they
themselves have the care of rearing of managing mankind； and
that they
rear not only the common herd； but also the rulers themselves。
Y。 Soc。 Are they not right in saying so？
Str。 Very likely they may be； and we will consider their claim。
But we are certain of this；…that no one will raise a similar claim
as against the herdsman； who is allowed on all hands to be the sole
and only feeder and physician of his herd； he is also their
matchmaker
and accoucheur； no one else knows that department of science。 And he
is their merry…maker and musician； as far as their nature is
susceptible of such influences； and no one can console and soothe
his own herd better than he can； either with the natural tones of
his voice or with instruments。 And the same may be said of tenders
of animals in general。
Y。 Soc。 Very true。
Str。 But if this is as you say； can our argument about the king be
true and unimpeachable？ Were we right in selecting him out of ten
thousand other claimants to be the shepherd and rearer of the human
flock？
Y。 Soc。 Surely not。
Str。 Had we not reason just to now apprehend； that although we may
have described a sort of royal form； we have not as yet accurately
worked out the true image of the Statesman？ and that we cannot
reveal him as he truly is in his own nature； until we have
disengaged and separated him from those who bang about him and claim
to share in his prerogatives？
Y。 Soc。 Very true。
Str。 And that； Socrates； is what we must do； if we do not mean to
bring disgrace upon the argument at its close。
Y。 Soc。 We must certainly avoid that。
Str。 Then let us make a new beginning； and travel by a different
road。
Y。 Soc。 What road？
Str。 I think that we may have a little amusement； there is a
famous tale； of which a good portion may with advantage be
interwoven；
and then we may resume our series of divisions； and proceed
in the old
path until we arrive at the desired summit。 Shall we do as I say？
Y。 Soc。 By all means。
Str。 Listen； then； to a tale which a c