按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
extremity being properly raised； the parts are to be
adjusted with the
palms of the hands； as in dislocations of the hands。 It is to be
bandaged； suspended in a sling； and placed； while in this attitude。
Part 13
Dislocations backward are to be rectified with the palms of
the hands along with sudden extension。 These two acts are to be
performed together； as in other cases of the kind。 In dislocation
forward； the arm is to bend around a ball of cloth； of proper size；
and at the same time replaced。
Part 14
If the displacement be on the other side both these operations
are to be performed in effecting the adjustment of the arm。 With
regard to the treatment；…the position and the bandaging are the same
as in the other cases。 For all these cases may be reduced by
ordinary distention。
Part 15
With regard to the modes of reduction； some act upon the
principle of carrying the one piece of bone over the other； some by
extension； and some by rotation： these last consist in
rapidly turning
the arm to this side and that。
Part 16
The joint of the hand is dislocated inward or outward； but
most frequently inward。 The symptoms are easily recognized；
if inward；
the patient cannot at all bend his fingers； but if outward； he
cannot extend them。 Reduction：…By placing the fingers above a table；
extension and counter…extension are to be made by assistance； while；
with the palm of the hand or the heel on the projecting bone； one
presses forward； and from behind； upon the other bone； and lays some
soft substance on it； and； if the dislocation be above； the
hand is to
be turned into a state of pronation； or； if backward； into a state
of supination。 The treatment is to be conducted with bandages。
Part 17
The whole hand is dislocated either inward； or outward； but
especially inward； or to this side or that。 Sometimes the
epiphysis is
displaced； and sometimes there is displacement （diastasis） of the
one bone from the other。 Powerful extension is to be made in this
case； and the projecting part is to be pressed upon； and
counter…pressure made on the opposite side： both modes being
performed
at the same time； both backward and laterally； either with the hands
on a table； or with the heel。 These accidents give rise to serious
consequences and deformities； but in time the parts get so strong as
to admit of being used。 The treatment consists of bandages
comprehending the hand and forearm； and splints are to be applied as
far as the fingers； when put in splints； they are to be more
frequently loosed than in fractures； and more copious allusions of
water are to be used。
Part 18
In congenital dislocations the hand becomes shortened； and the
atrophy of the flesh is generally on the side opposite the
dislocation。 In the adult the bones remain of their proper size。
Part 19
The symptoms of dislocation of the finger are obvious； and need
not be described。 This is the mode of reduction：…By stretching in a
straight line； and making pressure on the projecting part； and
counter…pressure； at the opposite side； on the other。 The proper
treatment consists in the application of bandages。 When not reduced；
the parts unite by callus outside of the joints。 In congenital
dislocations； and in those which occur during bones below the
dislocation are shortened； and the flesh is wasted principally on
the side opposite to the dislocation； in the adult the bones
remain of
their proper size。
Part 20
Dislocation at the hip…joint occurs in four modes； inward most
frequently； outward next； the others of equal frequency。 The
symptoms：…The common； a comparison with the sound leg。 The peculiar
symptoms of dislocations inward； the head of the bone is felt at the
perineum； the patient cannot bend his leg as formerly； the limb
appears elongated； and to a great extent； unless you bring both
limbs into the middle space between them in making a comparison of
them； and the foot and the knee are inclined outward。 If the
dislocation has taken place from birth； or during one's growth； the
thigh is shortened； the leg less so； and the others according to the
same rule； the fleshy parts are atrophied； especially on the
outside。 Such persons are afraid to stand erect； and crawl along on
the sound limb； or； if compelled； they walk with one or two staves；
and bear up the affected limb； and the smaller the limb so much the
more do they walk。 If the accident happens to adults the bones
remain of their proper size； but the flesh is wasted； as formerly
described； the patients walk in a wriggling manner； like oxen； they
are bent toward the flank； and the buttock on the uninjured side is
prominent； for the uninjured limb must necessarily come below that
it may support the body； whilst the other must be carried out of the
way； as it cannot support the body； like those who have an ulcer in
the foot。 They poise the body by means of a staff on the sound side；
and grasp the affected limb with the hand above the knee so as to
carry the body in shifting from one place to another。 If the parts
below the hip…joint be used； the bones below are less atrophied； but
the flesh more。
Part 21
The symptoms and attitudes in dislocation outward are the
opposite； and the knee and foot incline a little inward。 When it is
congenital； or occurs during adolescence； the bones do not grow
properly； according to the same rule； the bone of the hip…joint is
somewhat higher than natural； and does not grow proportionally。 In
those who have frequent dislocations outward； without inflammation；
the limb is of a more humid （flabby？） temperament than natural； like
the thumb； for it is the part most frequently dislocated；
owing to its
configuration； in what persons the dislocation is to a
greater or less
extent； and in what persons it is more difficultly or easily
produced；
in what there is reason to hope that it can be speedily reduced； and
in what not； and the remedy for this； and in what cases the
dislocation frequently happens； and treatment of this。 In
dislocation outward from birth； or during adolescence； or from
disease； （and it happens most frequently from disease； in which case
there is sometimes exfoliation of the bone； but even where
there is no
exfoliation）； the patients experience the same symptoms； but to an
inferior degree to those in dislocations inward； if properly managed
so that in walking they can put the whole foot to the ground and
lean to either side。 The younger the patient is； the greater care
should be bestowed on him； when neglected； the case gets worse； when
attended to； it improves； and； although there be atrophy in all
parts of the limb； it is to a less extent。
Part 22
When there is a dislocation on both sides； the affections of the
bones are the same； the flesh is well developed； except within； the
nates protrude； the thighs are arched； unless there be sphacelus。 If
there be curvature of the spine above the hip…joint； the patients
enjoy good health； but the body does not grow； with the exception of
the head。
Part 23
The symptoms of dislocation backward are：…The parts before
more empty； behind they protrude； the foot straight； flexion
impossible； excep