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such things。
§ 70 There is no unqualified right to sacrifice one's life。
§ 71 Existence as determinate being is in essence being for another。
II： Contract
§ 72 Contract is the contradiction that I am the owner only in so far as I cease to be an owner。
§ 73 The concept compels me to alienate property in order that my will may become objective to
me。
§ 74 The two contracting parties are related to each other as immediate self…subsistent persons。
§ 75 Contract of exchange。
§ 76 Gift； Real contract and Exchange。
§ 77 Value is the universal in which the subjects of the contract participate。
§ 78 The distinction between property and possession is the distinction between a common will
and its actualisation。
§ 79 In contract it is the will that the stipulation enshrines。
§ 80 A。 Gift； B。 Exchange； C Completion of a Contract。
§ 81 If the particular will is explicitly at variance with the universal； this is Wrong。
III： Wrong
§ 82 In contract the principle of rightness is posited； while its inner universality is in the particular
will of the parties。
§ 83 Non…malicious wrong； Fraud and Crime。
___A： Non…Malicious Wrong
§ 84 Each may look upon the thing as his property on the particular ground on which he bases his
title。
§ 85 The sphere of civil suits at law。
§ 86 The principle of rightness arises as something kept in view and demanded by the parties。
___B： Fraud
§ 87 We have Fraud when the universal is set aside by the particular will only showing in the
situation。
§ 88 The contract is right enough so far as it is an exchange； but the aspect of implicit universality
is lacking。
§ 89 The subjective arbitrary will； opposing itself to the right； should be superseded。
___C： Crime
§ 90 My will may be coerced。
§ 91 The free will cannot be coerced at all。
§ 92 Force or coercion is in its very conception directly self…destructive。
§ 93 In the world of reality coercion is annulled by coercion。
§ 94 Abstract right is a right to coerce。
§ 95 The sphere of criminal law。
§ 96 It makes a difference to the objective aspect of crime whether the will is injured throughout
its entire extent。
§ 97 Right actualised。
§ 98 Compensation。
§ 99 To penalise the criminal is to annul the crime and to restore the right。
§ 100 The criminal's action is the action of a rational being。
§ 101 The annulment of the crime is retribution。
§ 102 The annulling of crime in this sphere where right is immediate is principally revenge。
§ 103 The demand for a justice freed from subjective interest has emerged in the course of this
movement itself。
§ 104 The Transition from Right to Morality。
SECTION TWO： Morality
§ 105 The standpoint of morality is the standpoint of the will which is infinite not merely in itself
but for itself。
§ 106 Only in the will as subjective can freedom be actual。
§ 107 The moral standpoint therefore takes shape as the right of the subjective Will。
§ 108 The subjective will； directly aware of itself； is therefore abstract； restricted； and formal。
§ 109 The opposition of subjectivity and objectivity； and the activity related to this opposition。
§ 110 （a） My subjectivity is not merely my inner purpose； but has acquired outward existence。
§ 111 （b） The subjective will may not be adequate to the concept。
§ 112 （c） But the external subjectivity which is thus identical with me is the will of others。
§ 113 The externalisation of the subjective or moral will is action。
§ 114 Purpose； Intention & Good。
I： Purpose
§ 115 The deed sets up an alteration in this state of affairs confronting the will。
§ 116 It is not my own doing if damage is caused to others by things I own。
§ 117 The deed can be imputed to me only if my will is responsible for it。
§ 118 Action has a multitude of consequences。
II： Intention
§ 119 Purpose comprises that universal side of the action； i。e。 the intention。
§ 120 The right of intention is that the universal quality of the action shall be known by the agent。
§ 121 The subject's end is the soul of the action and determines its character。
§ 122 In contrast with this end the direct character of the action is reduced to a means。
§ 123 The satisfaction of needs； inclinations； passions； opinions； fancies； &c。 is welfare or
happiness。
§ 124 The view that objective and subjective ends are mutually exclusive； is an empty dogmatism。
§ 125 The welfare of many other unspecified particulars is thus also an essential end and right of
subjectivity。
§ 126 An intention to secure my welfare or that of others cannot justify an action which is wrong。
§ 127 In extreme danger and in conflict with the rightful property of someone else； this life may
claim a right of distress。
§ 128 Good & Conscience。
III： Good & Conscience
§ 129 The good is the Idea as the unity of the concept of the will with the particular will。
§ 130 Welfare without right is not a good。
§ 131 The subjective will has value and dignity only in so far as its insight and intention accord
with the good。
§ 132 An action is right or wrong； good or evil according to its knowledge of the worth the
action in objectivity。
§ 133 Duty。
§ 134 Do the right； and strive after welfare； one's own welfare； and the welfare of others。
§ 135 The sphere of duty。
§ 136 Conscience。
§ 137 The union of subjective knowing with objective principles and duties； is not present until
the ethical life。
§ 138 This subjectivity remains the power to judge what is good in respect of any content。
§ 139 Once self…consciousness has reduced duties to the inwardness of the will； it has become
potentially evil。
§ 140 To impose on others is hypocrisy； while to impose on oneself is a stage beyond hypocrisy。
§ 141 Transition from Morality to Ethical Life。
SECTION THREE： Ethical Life
§ 142 Thus ethical life is the concept of freedom developed into the existing world and the nature
of self…consciousness。
§ 143 The concept of the will and the particular will each is in its own eyes the totality of the Idea。
§ 144 ＇a＇ The objective ethical order is absolutely valid laws and institutions。
§ 145 That the ethical order is the system of specific determinations of the Idea constitutes its
rationality。
§ 146 ＇b＇ This is an absolute authority and power infinitely more firmly established than the being
of nature。
§ 147 On the other hand； they are not something alien to the subject。
§ 148 The individual is related to these laws and institutions as to the substance of his own being。
§ 149 In duty the individual acquires his substantive freedom。
§ 150 Virtue is the ethical order reflected in the individual character。
§ 151 Ethical life appears as custom； and the substance of mind thus exists now for the first time
as mind。
§ 152 The individual knows that his particular ends are grounded in this same universal。
§ 153 In an ethical order individuals are actually in possession of their own inner universality。
§ 154 The right of individuals to their particular satisfaction is also contained in the ethical
substantial order。
§ 155 In this identity of th