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the north american species of-第13章

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1853; G。 R。 Vasey of 1881): Texas (Wright of 1849; 1851; 1852; Bigelow of 1853): Arizona (Rothrock; with no number or date): Sonora (Schott of 1855): Chihuahua (Evans of 1891; near Juarez)。

It is through this variety that C。 radiosus approaches most nearly to C。 viviparus; in the forms with few radials and centrals; but the specific characters seem to hold。  This is the Mamillaria vivipara of the Syn Fl。 Colorado (Porter and Coulter)。

60。 Cactus radiosus arizonicus  (Engelm。)。

  Mamillaria arizonica  Engelm Bot。 Calif。 i。 244 (1876)。

A robust globose or ovate simple form (7。5 to 10 cm。 in diameter); with long (12 to 25 mm。) deeply…grooved tubercles; 15 to 20 long (10 to 30 mm。) rigid whitish radial spines; and 3 to 6 centrals deep brown above。  Type; the specimens of Cous; Palmer; Bischoff and Johnson; all in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。

Sandy and rocky soil from southern Utah through northern and western Arizona to southern California。

Specimens examined: Arizona (Cous of 1865; Cous & Palmer of 1865 and 1872; Palmer of 1869; Bischoff of 1871; Miller of 1881; Rusby 617 of 1853; Pringle of 1884): Utah (Johnson of 1871; 1872; 1874; Parry of 1875; 1877): California (Parish of 1880): also specimens cultivated in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 in 1881; and in Meehan's Gard。 in 1882。

61。 Cactus radiosus deserti  (Engelm。)。

  Mamillaria deserti  Engelm。 Bot。 Calif。 ii。 449 (1880)。

Subglobose or oval (5 to 10 cm。 high) and simple; with deeply grooved tubercles (slender and about 12 mm。 long); 25 to 30 rather long (10 to 16 mm。) grayish white radial spines (the larger with reddish tips); 3 or 4 shorter and stouter centrals with 5 or 6 intermediate ones above; small (2。5 cm。 long) straw…colored flowers (becoming purplish…tipped); 5 or 6 stigmas; and obliquely obovate curved seeds。  Type; Parish 433 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。

In the mountains bordering the deserts of southeastern California (San Bernardino County) and extending to central Nevada (Reese River Valley)。

Specimens examined: California (Parish 453 of 1880; also of 1882; Bailey of 1890): Nevada; Lincoln County (Coville & Funston of 1891; Death Valley Expedition): also specimens cultivated in Meehan's Gard。 in 1882。

The smaller straw…colored flowers alone suggest the propriety of keeping this form specifically distinct; but even in size and color there is an occasional tendency toward the specific character。  The obliquely obovate curved seeds resemble those of C。 viviparus。  The plant densely covered with stout ashy…gray interlocking spines is easily recognized。

62。 Cactus radiosus chloranthus  (Engelm。)。

  Mamillaria chlorantha  Engelm。 Wheeler's Rep。 127 (1878)。

Oval to cylindrical (7。5 cm。 in diameter; sometimes 20 to 22。5 cm。 high); with 20 to 25 gray radial spines almost in two series; 6 to 9 stouter reddish or brownish…tipped centrals (12 to 25 mm。 long); and yellowish or greenish…yellow flowers 3。5 cm。 long and wide。  Type: Southern Utah specimens of both Parry and Johnson occur in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。; but they are all referred to C。 radiosus arizonicus; and I can find no trace of any specimens of C。 radiosus chloranthus in the Engelmann collection。

Southern Utah; east of St。 George (Parry; Johnson)。

The plant is evidently near C。 radiosus deserti; of which variety it seems to be the Utah representative; but in the absence not only of the type; but even of authentic specimens; the two are kept separate; a thing fully justified by the description。

63。 Cactus radiosus alversoni; var。 nov。

Differs from var。 deserti in its more robust and branching habit (becoming 12。5 cm。 tall and 10 cm。 in diameter); shorter and thicker tubercles; more numerous (12 to 14 centrals) stouter and longer (12 to 22 mm。) spines; all of which are black…tipped (the centrals black half way down; shading into red); and pink flowers。  Type; Alverson's specimens in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 and in Herb。 Coulter。

In the desert region of extreme southeastern California。

Specimens examined: Southern California (A。 H。 Alverson of 1892): also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。

The covering of stout bushy interlocking spines is like that of var。 deserti; but the black and reddish coloration gives a decidedly different appearance。  On account of this appearance of a reddish…black brush the plant has been popularly called 〃foxtail cactus。〃  The decidedly pink flowers were sent by Mr。 S。 B。 Parish from specimens growing in cultivation in San Diego; and are not from the original collection of Mr。 Alverson。

64。 Cactus macromeris  (Engelm。) Kuntze Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。

  Mamillaria macromeris  Engelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 13 (1848)。   Mamillaria heteromorpha  Scheer in Salm。 Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 128     (1850)。   Mamillaria dactylithele  Labouret; Monogr。 Cact。 146 (1858)。

Ovate or cylindrical; 5 to 10 cm。 high; simple or branching from the base and at length cespitose: tubercles large; loose and spreading; from a dilated base; more or less elongated (12 to 30 mm。) and teretish (often incurved); the groove absent in young plants and never reaching the axil: radial spines 10 to 17; slender and terete; or stouter and often angled; spreading; 12 to 40 mm。 long; whitish (or more or less rose…colored when young); straight or a little curved; central spines 4 (or fewer in young plants or even wanting); spreading; 25 to 55 mm。 long; stouter; bulbous at base; mostly black (the lowest the longest and stoutest); straight or sometimes curved or twisted: flowers 6 to 7。5 cm。 long and of same diameter; deep red to purple: fruit ovate…subglobose; green; 15 to 25 mm; long: seeds globose…obovate; yellow; and smooth。 1。2 to 1。6 mm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 14 and 15)  Type; Wislizenus of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。

Mostly in loose sand; in the valley of the Rio Grande (on both sides of the river); from southern New Mexico to Eagle Pass; Texas; and doubtless further down。

Specimens examined: New Mexico (Wislizenus of 1846; Wright 384; 531; of 1852; G。 R。 Vasey of 1881): Texas (Wright of 1850; 1851; 1852; Bigelow of 1852): Chihuahua (Evans of 1891; Budd of 1891): also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。

This species shows an interesting transition from Coryphantha to Echinocactus。  The woolly groove of the Coryphantha extends from the spine…bearing areola to the axil of the tubercle; where it expands into the flower…bearing areola。  In C。 macromeris the groove extends only about half way down the tubercle and gives origin to the flower…bearing areola on the side of the tubercle; while in Echinocactus the flower…bearing areola becomes adjacent to the spine…bearing areola and the flower appears at the summit of the tubercle。

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE SPECIES。

It seems impossible to make a simple artificial key that will serve as a useful guide to each individual species and variety。  Our knowledge of so many of the species is imperfect; that no set of characters can be applied throughout。  However; as no plants are collected in such fragmentary condition; it will be useful to construct a key based upon such characters as are always likely to be present; even if specific distinctions are not always reached。  In many cases; species are so closely and differently related to each other that t
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