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〃The machine as patented; comprises two or more planes
arranged in step form; the highest being in front。 The machine
I am now using has four planes 3 ft。 x 18 ft。; total about 200
square feet; camber (arch) 1 in 16。
〃The vertical keel is for lateral stability; the rudder for
direction。 This is the first machine (so far as I know) to have a
combination of wheels and runners or skids (Oct。 1908)。 The
wheels rise up automatically when the machine leaves the
ground; so that it may alight on the runners。
〃A Duthirt & Chalmers 2…cylinder opposed; 3 1/8…inch engine
was used first; and several hundred short flights were made。
The engine gave four brake h。 p。; which was barely sufficient
for continued flight。 The aeroplane complete with this engine
weighed 78 pounds。 The engine now used is a Bates 3 5/8…inch;
2…cylinder opposed; showing 8 h。 p。; and apparently giving
plenty of power。 The weight of aeroplane with this engine is
now 110 pounds。 Owing to poor grounds only short flights
have been made; the longest to date (Dec。 31; 1910) being about
1;000 feet。
〃In building the present machine; my object was to produce a
safe; slow; light; and small h。 p。 aeroplane; a purpose which I
have accomplished。〃
CHAPTER XXVII。
1911 AEROPLANE RECORDS。
THE WORLD AT LARGE。
Greatest Speed Per Hour; Whatever Length of Flight; Aviator
AloneE。 Nieuport; Mourmelon; France; June 21; Nieuport Machine;
82。72 miles; with one passenger; E。 Nieuport; Moumlelon; France;
June 12; Nieuport Machine; 67。11 miles; with two passengers; E。
Nieuport; Mourmelon; France; March 9; Nieuport Machine; 63。91
miles; with three passengers; G。 Busson; Rheims; France; March
10; Deperdussin Machine; 59。84 miles; with four passengers; G。
Busson; Rheims; France; March 10; Deperdussin Machine; 54。21
miles。
Greatest Distance Aviator AloneG。 Fourny; no stops; Buc;
France; September 2; M。 Farman Machine; 447。01 miles; E。 Helen;
three stops; Etampes; France; September 8; Nieuport Machine;
778。45 miles; with one passenger; Lieut。 Bier; Austria; October
2; Etrich Machine; 155。34 miles; with two passengers; Lieut。
Bier; Austria; October 4; Etrich Machine; 69。59 miles; with three
passengers; G。 Busson; Rheims; France; March 10; Deperdussin
Machine; 31。06 miles; with four passengers; G。 Busson; Rheims;
France; March 10; Deperdussin Machine; 15。99 miles。
Greatest Duration Aviator AloneG。 Fourny; no stops; Buc;
France; September 2; M。 Farman Machine; 11 hours; 1 minute; 29
seconds; E。 Helen; three stops; Etampes; France; September 8;
Nieuport Machine; 14 hours; 7 minutes; 50 seconds; 13 hours; 17
minutes net time; with one passenger; Suvelack; Johannisthal;
Germany; December 8; 4 hours; 23 minutes; with two passengers; T。
de W。 Milling; Nassau Boulevard; New York; September 26;
Burgess…Wright Machine; 1 hour; 54 minutes; 42 3…5 seconds; with
three passengers; Warchalowski; Wiener…Neustadt; Aust。; October
30; 45 minutes; 46 seconds; with four passengers; G。 Busson;
Rheims; France; March 10; Deperdussin Machine; 17 minutes; 28 1…5
seconds。
Greatest Altitude Aviator AloneGarros; St。 Malo; France;
September 4; Bleriot Machine; 13;362 feet; with one passenger;
Prevost; Courcy; France; December 2; 9;840 feet; with two
passengers; Lieut。 Bier; Austria; Etrich Machine; 4;010 feet。
AMERICAN RECORDS。
Greatest Speed Per Hour; Whatever Length of Flight; Aviator
AloneA。 Leblanc; Belmont Park; N。 Y。; October 29; Bleriot
Machine; 67。87 miles; with one passenger; C。 Grahame…White;
Squantum; Mass。; September 4; Nieuport Machine; 63。23 miles; with
two passengers; T。 O。 M。 Sopwith; Chicago; Ill。; August 15;
Wright Machine; 34。96 miles。
Greatest Distance Aviator AloneSt。 Croix Johnstone; Mineola;
N。 Y。; July 27; Moisant (Bleriot Type) Machine; 176。23 miles。
Greatest Duration Aviator AloneHoward W。 Gill; Kinloch; Mo。;
October 19; Wright Machine; 4 hours; 16 minutes; 35 seconds; with
one passenger; G。 W。 Beatty; Chicago; Ill。; August 19; Wright
Machine; 3 hours; 42 minutes; 22 1…5 seconds; with two
passengers; T。 de W。 Milling; Nassau Boulevard; N。 Y。; September
26; Burgess…Wright Machine; 1 hour; 54 minutes; 42 3…5 seconds。
Greatest Altitude Aviator AloneL。 Beachy; Chicago; Ill。; August
20; Curtiss Machine; 11;642 feet; with one passenger; C。 Grahame…
White; Nassau Boulevard; N。 Y。; September 30; Nieuport Machine;
3;347 feet。
Weight CarryingP。 O。 Parmelee; Chicago; III。; August 19;
Wright Machine; 458 lbs。
AVIATION DEVELOPMENT。
The wonderful progress made in the science of aviation
during the year 1911 far surpasses any twelve months' advancement
recorded。 The advancement has not been confined to any country or
continent; since every part of the world is taking its part in
aviation history making。
The rapidly increasing interest in aviation has brought
forth schools for the instruction of flying in both the old and
new world; and licensed air pilots before they receive their
sanctions from the governing aero clubs of their country are
required to pass an extremely trying examination in actual
flights。 Exhibition flights and races were common in all
parts of the world during 1911; and touring aviators visited
India; China; Japan; South Africa; Australia and South
America; giving exhibitions and instruction。
Europe was the scene of a number of cross…country races
in which entries ranging from ten to twenty aviators flew
from city to city around a given circuit; which in some
instances exceeded 1;000 miles in distance。 Cross…country
flights with and without passengers became so common that
those of less than two hours' duration attracted little
attention。 There were fewer attempts at high altitude soaring;
although the world's record in this department of aviation
was bettered several times。 In place of these high flights; the
aviators devoted more attention to speed; duration and
spectacular manoeuvres; which appeared to satisfy the spectators。
The prize money won during 1911 exceeded 1;000;000; but
owing to the increased number of aviators the individual
winnings were not as large as in 1910。
It is estimated that within the past twelve months more
than 300;000 miles have been covered in aeroplane flights
and more than seven thousand persons; classed either as
aviators or passengers; taken up into the air。 The aeroplane
of today ranges through monoplane; biplane; triplane and
even quadraplane; and more than two hundred types of these
machines are in use。
Aeroplanes are becoming a factor of international commerce。
The records of the Bureau of Statistics show that
more than 50;000 worth of aeroplanes were imported into;
and exported from; the United States in the months of July;
August and September; 1911。 The Bureau of Statistics only
began the maintenance of a separate record of this comparatively
new article of commerce with the opening of the fiscal
year 1