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I had always intended to divide time with my natural successor； General P。 H。 Sheridan； and early； notified him that I should about the year 1884 retire from the command of the army； leaving him about an equal period of time for the highest office in the army。 It so happened that Congress had meantime by successive 〃enactments 〃cut down the army to twenty…five thousand men； the usual strength of a corps d'armee； the legitimate command of a lieutenant…general。 Up to 1882 officers not disabled by wounds or sickness could only avail themselves of the privileges of retirement on application； after thirty years of service； at sixty…two years of age； but on the 30th of June； 1882； a bill was passed which； by operation of the law itself； compulsorily retired all army officers； regardless of rank； at the age of sixty…four years。 At the time this law was debated in Congress； I was consulted by Senators and others in the most friendly manner； representing that； if I wanted it； an exception could justly and easily be made in favor of the general and lieutenant…general； whose commissions expired with their lives； but I invariably replied that I did not ask or expect an exception in my case； because no one could know or realize when his own mental and physical powers began to decline。 I remembered well the experience of Gil Blas with the Bishop of Granada； and favored the passage of the law fixing a positive period for retirement； to obviate in the future special cases of injustice such as I had seen in the recent past。 The law was passed； and every officer then knew the very day on which he must retire； and could make his preparations accordingly。 In my own case the law was liberal in the extreme； being 〃without reduction in his current pay and allowances。〃
I would be sixty…four years old on the 8th of February； 1884； a date inconvenient to move； and not suited to other incidents； so I resolved to retire on the 1st day of November； 1883； to resume my former home at St。 Louis； and give my successor ample time to meet the incoming Congress； But； preliminary thereto； I concluded to make one more tour of the continent； going out to the Pacific by the Northern route； and returning by that of the thirty…fifth parallel。 This we accomplished； beginning at Buffalo； June 21st； and ending at St。 Louis； Missouri； September 30； 1883； a full and most excellent account of which can be found in Colonel Tidball's 〃Diary；〃 which forms part of the report of the General of the Army for the year 1883。
Before retiring also； as was my duty； I desired that my aides… de…camp who had been so faithful and true to me should not suffer by my act。 All were to retain the rank of colonels of cavalry till the last day； February 8； 1884； but meantime each secured places； as follows：
Colonel O。 M。 Poe was lieutenant…colonel of the Engineer Corps United States Army； and was by his own choice assigned to Detroit in charge of the engineering works on the Upper Lakes； which duty was most congenial to him。
Colonel J。 C。 Tidball was assigned to command the Artillery School at Fort Monroe； by virtue of his commission as lieutenant…colonel； Third Artillery； a station for which he was specially qualified。
Colonel John E。 Tourtelotte was then entitled to promotion to major of the Seventh Cavalry； a rank in which he could be certain of an honorable command。
The only remaining aide…de…camp was Colonel John M。 Bacon； who utterly ignored self in his personal attachment to me。 He was then a captain of the Ninth Cavalry； but with almost a certainty of promotion to be major of the Seventh before the date of my official retirement； which actually resulted。 The last two accompanied me to St。 Louis； and remained with me to the end。 Having previously accomplished the removal of my family to St。 Louis； and having completed my last journey to the Pacific； I wrote the following letter：
HEADQUARTERS ARMY UNITED STATES； WASHINGTON； D。 C。； October 8； 1883。
Hon。 R。 T。 LINCOLN； Secretary of War。
SIR： By the act of Congress； approved June 30； 1882； all army…officers are retired on reaching the age of sixty…four years。 If living； I will attain that age on the 8th day of February； 1884； but as that period of the year is not suited for the changes necessary on my retirement； I have contemplated anticipating the event by several months； to enable the President to meet these changes at a more convenient season of the year； and also to enable my successor to be in office before the assembling of the next Congress。
I therefore request authority to turn over the command of the army to Lieutenant…General Sheridan on the 1st day of November； 1883； and that I be ordered to my home at St。 Louis； Missouri； there to await the date of my legal retirement； and inasmuch as for a long time I must have much correspondence about war and official matters； I also ask the favor to have with me for a time my two present aides…de…camp； Colonels J。 E。 Tourtelotte and J。 M。 Bacon。
The others of my personal staff； viz。； Colonels O。 M。 Poe and J。 C。 Tidball； have already been assigned to appropriate duties in their own branches of the military service； the engineers and artillery。 All should retain the rank and pay as aides…de…camp until February 8；1884。 By or before the 1st day of November I can complete all official reports； and believe I can surrender the army to my successor in good shape and condition； well provided in all respects； and distributed for the best interests of the country。
I am grateful that my physical and mental…strength remain unimpaired by years； and am thankful for the liberal provision made by Congress for my remaining years； which will enable me to respond promptly to any call the President may make for my military service or judgment as long as I live。 I have the honor to be your obedient servant；
W。 T。 SHERMAN； General。
The answer was：
WAR DEPARTMENT； WASHINGTON CITY； October 10； 1888。
General W。 T。 SHERMAN； Washington； D。 C。
GENERAL： I have submitted to the President your letter of the 8th instant； requesting that you be relieved of the command of the army on the 1st of November next； as a more convenient time for making the changes in military commands which must follow your retirement from active service； than would be the date of your retirement under the law。
In signifying his approval of your request； the President directs me to express to you his earnest hope that there may be given you many years of health and happiness in which to enjoy the gratitude of your fellow…citizens； well earned by your most distinguished public services。
It will give me pleasure to comply with your wishes respecting your aides…decamp； and the necessary orders will be duly issued。
I have the honor to be； General； your obedient servant；
ROBERT T。 LINCOLN； Secretary of War。
On the 27th day of October I submitted to the Secretary of War； the Hon。 R。 T。 Lincoln； my last annual report； embracing among other valuable matters the most interesting and condensed report of Colonel O。 M。 Poe； A。 D。 C。； of the 〃original conception； progress； and completion〃 of the four great transcontinental railways； which have in my judgment done more for